Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application

ABSTRACT

An electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface and a display, that includes one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, displays a plurality of application icons, where the plurality of application icons include a respective application icon corresponding to a respective application. While a focus selector is over the respective application icon, the device detects a gesture that includes a contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and in response to detecting the gesture: when the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold, the device displays an application window of the respective application; and when the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensity threshold, the device displays a plurality of user interface objects that correspond to the respective application.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/536,464, filed Nov. 7, 2014, which is a continuation of PCT PatentApplication Serial No. PCT/US2013/040061, filed on May 8, 2013, entitled“Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying UserInterface Objects Corresponding to an Application,” which claims thebenefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.61/778,191, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface ObjectsCorresponding to an Application;” U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/747,278, filed Dec. 29, 2012, entitled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Manipulating User Interface Objects withVisual and/or Haptic Feedback;” and U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/688,227, filed May 9, 2012, entitled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Manipulating User Interface Objects withVisual and/or Haptic Feedback,” which applications are incorporated byreference herein in their entireties.

This application is also related to the following: U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 61/778,092, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled“Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting Objectwithin a Group of Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.61/778,125, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Navigating User Interface Hierarchies;”U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,156, filed on Mar.12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface forManipulating Framed Graphical Objects;” U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 61/778,179, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled“Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Scrolling NestedRegions;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,171, filedon Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interfacefor Displaying Additional Information in Response to a User Contact;”U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,211, filed on Mar.12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface forFacilitating User Interaction with Controls in a User Interface;” U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,239, filed on Mar. 12,2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface forForgoing Generation of Tactile Output for a Multi-Contact Gesture;” U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,284, filed on Mar. 12,2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface forProviding Tactile Feedback for Operations Performed in a UserInterface;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,287,filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical UserInterface for Providing Feedback for Changing Activation States of aUser Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.61/778,363, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Transitioning between Touch Input toDisplay Output Relationships;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.No. 61/778,367, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Moving a User Interface Object Based on anIntensity of a Press Input;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.No. 61/778,265, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Transitioning between Display States inResponse to a Gesture;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.61/778,373, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Managing Activation of a Control Based onContact Intensity;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.61/778,412, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Displaying Content Associated with aCorresponding Affordance;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.61/778,413, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Selecting User Interface Objects;” U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,414, filed on Mar. 13,2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Movingand Dropping a User Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 61/778,416, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled“Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Determining Whether toScroll or Select Content;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.No. 61/778,418, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Switching between User Interfaces,” whichare incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

This application is also related to the following: U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 61/645,033, filed on May 9, 2012, entitled“Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 61/665,603, filed on Jun. 28, 2012, entitled“Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” and U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 61/681,098, filed on Aug. 8, 2012, entitled“Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices,” which areincorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitivesurfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices withtouch-sensitive surfaces that detect inputs for manipulating userinterfaces.

BACKGROUND

The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers andother electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recentyears. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touchscreen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate userinterface objects on a display.

Exemplary manipulations include adjusting the position and/or size ofone or more user interface objects or activating buttons or openingfiles/applications represented by user interface objects, as well asassociating metadata with one or more user interface objects orotherwise manipulating user interfaces. Exemplary user interface objectsinclude digital images, video, text, icons, control elements such asbuttons and other graphics. A user will, in some circumstances, need toperform such manipulations on user interface objects in a filemanagement program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.),an image management application (e.g., Aperture or iPhoto from AppleInc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a digital content (e.g., videos and music)management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. of Cupertino,Calif.), a drawing application, a presentation application (e.g.,Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a word processingapplication (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), awebsite creation application (e.g., iWeb from Apple Inc. of Cupertino,Calif.), a disk authoring application (e.g., iDVD from Apple Inc. ofCupertino, Calif.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers fromApple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.).

But existing methods for performing these manipulations are cumbersomeand inefficient. In addition, existing methods take longer thannecessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration isparticularly important in battery-operated devices.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, moreefficient methods and interfaces for manipulating user interfaces. Suchmethods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventionalmethods for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfacesreduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficienthuman-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods andinterfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.

The above deficiencies and other problems associated with userinterfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces arereduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, thedevice is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device isportable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handhelddevice). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In someembodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a“touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, thedevice has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors,memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions storedin the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments,the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts andgestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, thefunctions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, wordprocessing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, gameplaying, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging,workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing,digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executableinstructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included ina non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computerprogram product configured for execution by one or more processors.

There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficientmethods and interfaces for previewing content. Such methods andinterfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for previewingcontent. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on auser and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. Forbattery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power andincrease the time between battery charges.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: displaying a plurality of document icons,including a respective document icon corresponding to a respectiveelectronic document associated with a respective application; and whilea focus selector is over the respective document icon, detecting agesture that includes a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Themethod further includes, in response to detecting the gesture: inaccordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensityduring the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold,displaying the electronic document in a new application window of therespective application; and in accordance with a determination that thecontact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above therespective intensity threshold, displaying a preview of the respectiveelectronic document without displaying a new application window of therespective application.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a plurality of document icons,including a respective document icon corresponding to a respectiveelectronic document associated with a respective application; atouch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive gestures that includecontacts; one or more sensor units configured to detect intensity ofcontacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unitcoupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and thesensor units. The processing unit is configured to: while a focusselector is over the respective document icon, detect a gesture thatincludes a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processingunit is further configured to, in response to detecting the gesture: inaccordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensityduring the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold,enable display of the electronic document in a new application window ofthe respective application; and in accordance with a determination thatthe contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was above therespective intensity threshold, enable display of a preview of therespective electronic document without enabling display of a newapplication window of the respective application.

Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces, andone or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with thetouch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methodsand interfaces for previewing content, thereby increasing theeffectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Suchmethods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methodsfor previewing content.

There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficientmethods and interfaces for previewing content. Such methods andinterfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for previewingcontent. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on auser and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. Forbattery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power andincrease the time between battery charges.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: displaying a frame for previewing content,where the frame corresponds to a plurality of content items; detectingmovement of a contact across the touch-sensitive surface; moving a focusselector across the frame in accordance with the movement of the contactacross the touch-sensitive surface; sequentially displaying, in theframe, previews of respective content items in the plurality of contentitems in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across theframe, where a size of the previews is constrained to a size of theframe; while a respective preview of a respective content item isdisplayed in the frame at a first size, detecting an increase inintensity of the contact; in response to detecting the increase inintensity of the contact, increasing the size of the respective previewto a second size larger than the size of the frame; while displaying therespective preview at the second size, detecting a decrease in intensityof the contact; and in response to detecting the decrease in intensityof the contact, reducing the size of the respective preview to the firstsize.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a frame for previewing content, wherethe frame corresponds to a plurality of content items; a touch-sensitivesurface unit configured to receive contacts; one or more sensor unitsconfigured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface unit; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, thetouch-sensitive surface unit, and the sensor units. The processing unitis configured to detect movement of a contact across the touch-sensitivesurface unit; move a focus selector across the frame in accordance withthe movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit;enable sequential display of, in the frame, previews of respectivecontent items in the plurality of content items in accordance with themovement of the focus selector across the frame, wherein a size of thepreviews is constrained to a size of the frame; while a respectivepreview of a respective content item is displayed in the frame at afirst size, detect an increase in intensity of the contact; in responseto detecting the increase in intensity of the contact, increase the sizeof the respective preview to a second size larger than the size of theframe; while displaying the respective preview at the second size,detect a decrease in intensity of the contact; and in response todetecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, reduce the size ofthe respective preview to the first size.

Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and oneor more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfacesfor previewing content, thereby increasing the effectiveness,efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods andinterfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for previewingcontent.

There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficientmethods and interfaces for displaying user interface objectscorresponding to an application. Such methods and interfaces maycomplement or replace conventional methods for displaying user interfaceobjects corresponding to an application. Such methods and interfacesreduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficienthuman-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods andinterfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: displaying a plurality of applicationicons, where the plurality of application icons includes a respectiveapplication icon corresponding to a respective application; while afocus selector is over the respective application icon, detecting agesture that includes a contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and inresponse to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determinationthat the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that wasbelow a respective intensity threshold, displaying an application windowof the respective application; and in accordance with a determinationthat the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was abovethe respective intensity threshold, displaying a plurality of userinterface objects that correspond to the respective application.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a plurality of application icons,where the plurality of application icons include a respectiveapplication icon corresponding to a respective application; atouch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive gestures includingcontacts; one or more sensor units configured to detect intensity ofcontacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unitcoupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit and thesensor units. The processing unit is configured to: while a focusselector is over the respective application icon, detect a gesture thatincludes a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and in responseto detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that thecontact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that was below arespective intensity threshold, enable display of an application windowof the respective application; and in accordance with a determinationthat the contact reached an intensity during the gesture that was abovethe respective intensity threshold, enable display of a plurality ofuser interface objects that correspond to the respective application.

Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and oneor more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfacesfor displaying user interface objects corresponding to an application,thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfactionwith such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replaceconventional methods for displaying user interface objects correspondingto an application.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors todetect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one ormore processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or moreprograms are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by theone or more processors and the one or more programs include instructionsfor performing the operations of any of the methods referred to inparagraph [0043]. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical userinterface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitivesurface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contactswith the touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processorsto execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one ormore of the elements displayed in any of the methods referred to inparagraph [0043], which are updated in response to inputs, as describedin any of the methods referred to in paragraph [0043]. In accordancewith some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has storedtherein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with adisplay, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensorsto detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, causethe device to perform the operations of any of the methods referred toin paragraph [0043]. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronicdevice includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionallyone or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with thetouch-sensitive surface; and means for performing the operations of anyof the methods referred to in paragraph [0043]. In accordance with someembodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in anelectronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface,optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with thetouch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing the operations ofany of the methods referred to in paragraph [0043].

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the various described embodiments,reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, inconjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numeralsrefer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction devicewith a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screenin accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunctiondevice with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the displayin accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5A-5S illustrate exemplary user interfaces for previewing contentin accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 6A-6C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of previewingcontent in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 8A-8W illustrate exemplary user interfaces for previewing contentin accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 9A-9C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of previewingcontent in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 11A-11P illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying userinterface objects corresponding to an application in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIGS. 12A-12B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of displaying userinterface objects corresponding to an application in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device inaccordance with some embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The methods, devices and GUIs described herein provide visual and/orhaptic feedback that makes manipulation of user interface objects moreefficient and intuitive for a user. For example, in a system where theclicking action of a trackpad is decoupled from the contact intensity(e.g., contact force, contact pressure, or a substitute therefore) thatis needed to reach an activation threshold, the device can generatedifferent tactile outputs (e.g., “different clicks”) for differentactivation events (e.g., so that clicks that accomplish a particularresult are differentiated from clicks that do not produce any result orthat accomplish a different result from the particular result).Additionally, tactile outputs can be generated in response to otherevents that are not related to increasing intensity of a contact, suchas generating a tactile output (e.g., a “detent”) when a user interfaceobject is moved to a particular position, boundary or orientation, orwhen an event occurs at the device.

Additionally, in a system where a trackpad or touch-screen display issensitive to a range of contact intensity that includes more than one ortwo specific intensity values (e.g., more than a simple on/off, binaryintensity determination), the user interface can provide responses(e.g., visual or tactile cues) that are indicative of the intensity ofthe contact within the range. In some implementations, apre-activation-threshold response and/or a post-activation-thresholdresponse to an input are displayed as continuous animations. As oneexample of such a response, a preview of an operation is displayed inresponse to detecting an increase in contact intensity that is stillbelow an activation threshold for performing the operation. As anotherexample of such a response, an animation associated with an operationcontinues even after the activation threshold for the operation has beenreached. Both of these examples provide a user with a continuousresponse to the force or pressure of a user's contact, which provides auser with visual and/or haptic feedback that is richer and moreintuitive. More specifically, such continuous force responses give theuser the experience of being able to press lightly to preview anoperation and/or press deeply to push “past” or “through” a predefineduser interface state corresponding to the operation.

Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that issensitive to a range of contact intensity, multiple contact intensitythresholds can be monitored by the device and different functions can bemapped to different contact intensity thresholds. This serves toincrease the available “gesture space” providing easy access to advancedfeatures for users who know that increasing the intensity of a contactat or beyond a second “deep press” intensity threshold will cause thedevice to perform a different operation from an operation that would beperformed if the intensity of the contact is between a first“activation” intensity threshold and the second “deep press” intensitythreshold. An advantage of assigning additional functionality to asecond “deep press” intensity threshold while maintaining familiarfunctionality at a first “activation” intensity threshold is thatinexperienced users who are, in some circumstances, confused by theadditional functionality can use the familiar functionality by justapplying an intensity up to the first “activation” intensity threshold,whereas more experienced users can take advantage of the additionalfunctionality by applying an intensity at the second “deep press”intensity threshold.

Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that issensitive to a range of contact intensity, the device can provideadditional functionality by allowing users to perform complex operationswith a single continuous contact. For example, when selecting a group ofobjects, a user can move a continuous contact around the touch-sensitivesurface and can press while dragging (e.g., applying an intensitygreater than a “deep press” intensity threshold) to add additionalelements to a selection. In this way, a user can intuitively interactwith a user interface where pressing harder with a contact causesobjects in the user interface to be “stickier.”

A number of different approaches to providing an intuitive userinterface on a device where a clicking action is decoupled from theforce that is needed to reach an activation threshold and/or the deviceis sensitive to a wide range of contact intensities are described below.Using one or more of these approaches (optionally in conjunction witheach other) helps to provide a user interface that intuitively providesusers with additional information and functionality, thereby reducingthe user's cognitive burden and improving the human-machine interface.Such improvements in the human-machine interface enable users to use thedevice faster and more efficiently. For battery-operated devices, theseimprovements conserve power and increase the time between batterycharges. For ease of explanation, systems, methods and user interfacesfor including illustrative examples of some of these approaches aredescribed below, as follows:

-   -   Many electronic devices allow users to interact with items such        as documents. A document may reside in a folder or be attached        to another document, such as an email. In some methods, if the        user wants to look at the contents of the document, the user        would have to open the document in the associated application.        This can be tedious and wasteful of system resources, as the        user may merely wish to view the document contents quickly. The        embodiments described below improve on these methods of        interacting with documents by allowing the user to preview a        document or open the document based on the intensity of a        contact corresponding to a focus selector interacting with a        document icon. In particular, FIGS. 5A-5S illustrate exemplary        user interfaces for previewing content. FIGS. 6A-6C are flow        diagrams illustrating a method of previewing content. The user        interfaces in FIGS. 5A-5S are used to illustrate the processes        in FIGS. 6A-6C.    -   Many electronic devices have user interfaces for browsing        content items, such as photos. The content items are,        optionally, organized into multiple sets of items. In some        methods, to preview the items within a set, a user would need to        first select and open the desired set of items as in opening a        folder, and then preview the items in the set. This adds        additional steps to the previewing process and can make the        process tedious if the user is previewing items in multiple        sets. The embodiments below improve on these methods by enabling        a user to preview items within a set in accordance with movement        and intensity of a contact. In particular, 8A-8W illustrate        exemplary user interfaces for previewing content. FIGS. 9A-9C        are flow diagrams illustrating a method of previewing content.        The user interfaces in FIGS. 8A-8W are used to illustrate the        processes in FIGS. 9A-9C.    -   At any one time, a user may have multiple windows for any one        application opened, and not all of them are displayed. Some of        these windows or documents are, optionally, minimized or hidden        by other windows. Further, an application may have a recently        opened documents history. In some methods, a user keeps track of        the multiple windows by looking at a taskbar or opening a task        list, both of which are, optionally, hidden at first. To look at        a recently opened documents history for an application, the user        has to open the application. These methods add additional steps        for the user and can be confusing and time consuming. The        embodiments described below improve on these methods by        providing a more efficient way to review currently opened        windows and a history of recently opened documents in accordance        with an intensity of a contact. In particular, FIGS. 11A-11P        illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying user        interface objects corresponding to an application. FIGS. 12A-12B        are flow diagrams illustrating a method of displaying user        interface objects corresponding to an application. The user        interfaces in FIGS. 11A-11P are used to illustrate the processes        in FIGS. 12A-12B.

Exemplary Devices

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of whichare illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detaileddescription, numerous specific details are set forth in order to providea thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However,it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the variousdescribed embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components,circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not tounnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.

It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc.are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, theseelements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only usedto distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contactcould be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact couldbe termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of thevarious described embodiments. The first contact and the second contactare both contacts, but they are not the same contact.

The terminology used in the description of the various describedembodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in thedescription of the various described embodiments and the appendedclaims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to includethe plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as usedherein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. It will be furtherunderstood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or“comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence ofstated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components,and/or groups thereof.

As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when”or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,”depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or“if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construedto mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upondetecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting[the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.

Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, andassociated processes for using such devices are described. In someembodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as amobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/ormusic player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunctiondevices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad®devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronicdevices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitivesurfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), are,optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in someembodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but isa desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screendisplay and/or a touch pad).

In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should beunderstood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes oneor more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physicalkeyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick.

The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one ormore of the following: a drawing application, a presentationapplication, a word processing application, a website creationapplication, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, agaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencingapplication, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, aworkout support application, a photo management application, a digitalcamera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsingapplication, a digital music player application, and/or a digital videoplayer application.

The various applications that are executed on the device optionally useat least one common physical user-interface device, such as thetouch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitivesurface as well as corresponding information displayed on the deviceare, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the nextand/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physicalarchitecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the deviceoptionally supports the variety of applications with user interfacesthat are intuitive and transparent to the user.

Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices withtouch-sensitive displays. FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustratingportable multifunction device 100 with touch-sensitive displays 112 inaccordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display 112 issometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimesknown as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device 100 includesmemory 102 (which optionally includes one or more computer readablestorage mediums), memory controller 122, one or more processing units(CPU's) 120, peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry 108, audiocircuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output (I/O) subsystem106, other input or control devices 116, and external port 124. Device100 optionally includes one or more optical sensors 164. Device 100optionally includes one or more intensity sensors 165 for detectingintensity of contacts on device 100 (e.g., a touch-sensitive surfacesuch as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100). Device 100optionally includes one or more tactile output generators 167 forgenerating tactile outputs on device 100 (e.g., generating tactileoutputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 of device 100 or touchpad 355 of device 300). Thesecomponents optionally communicate over one or more communication busesor signal lines 103.

As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of acontact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure(force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touchsensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressureof a contact on the touch sensitive surface. The intensity of a contacthas a range of values that includes at least four distinct values andmore typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured)using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors.For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to thetouch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force atvarious points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations,force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., aweighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact.Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used todetermine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface.Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on thetouch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of thetouch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto,and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to thecontact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute forthe force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Insome implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force orpressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity thresholdhas been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in unitscorresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations,the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are convertedto an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure isused to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded(e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in unitsof pressure).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output”refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previousposition of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., atouch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component(e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relativeto a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user withthe user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the deviceor the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a userthat is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of auser's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacementwill be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding toa perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or thecomponent of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitivesurface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally,interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physicalactuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensationsuch as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement ofa physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surfacethat is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. Asanother example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally,interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitivesurface, even when there is no change in smoothness of thetouch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a userwill be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user,there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a largemajority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described ascorresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “upclick,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, thegenerated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of thedevice or a component thereof that will generate the described sensoryperception for a typical (or average) user.

It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of aportable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has moreor fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or morecomponents, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangementof the components. The various components shown in FIG. 1A areimplemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware andsoftware, including one or more signal processing and/or applicationspecific integrated circuits.

Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory andoptionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or moremagnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or othernon-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory 102 by othercomponents of device 100, such as CPU 120 and the peripherals interface118, is, optionally, controlled by memory controller 122.

Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and outputperipherals of the device to CPU 120 and memory 102. The one or moreprocessors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets ofinstructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions fordevice 100 and to process data.

In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU 120, and memorycontroller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such aschip 104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implementedon separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, alsocalled electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electricalsignals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates withcommunications networks and other communications devices via theelectromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-knowncircuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited toan antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner,one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, asubscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RFcircuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as theInternet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranetand/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, awireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network(MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wirelesscommunication optionally uses any of a plurality of communicationsstandards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited toGlobal System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSMEnvironment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA),high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO),HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), nearfield communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access(W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multipleaccess (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a,IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over InternetProtocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet messageaccess protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instantmessaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP),Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and PresenceLeveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service(IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitablecommunication protocol, including communication protocols not yetdeveloped as of the filing date of this document.

Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audiointerface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receivesaudio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to anelectrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111.Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves.Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted bymicrophone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts theelectrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data toperipherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally,retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212, FIG. 2). The headset jackprovides an interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable audioinput/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headsetwith both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input(e.g., a microphone).

I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, suchas touch screen 112 and other input control devices 116, to peripheralsinterface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller156, optical sensor controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159,haptic feedback controller 161 and one or more input controllers 160 forother input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 160receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices116. The other input control devices 116 optionally include physicalbuttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, sliderswitches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternateembodiments, input controller(s) 160 are, optionally, coupled to any (ornone) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and apointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208, FIG.2) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker111 and/or microphone 113. The one or more buttons optionally include apush button (e.g., 206, FIG. 2).

Touch-sensitive display 112 provides an input interface and an outputinterface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receivesand/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen 112. Touch screen112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionallyincludes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof(collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all ofthe visual output corresponds to user-interface objects.

Touch screen 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensorsthat accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact.Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associatedmodules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact (andany movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen 112 andconverts the detected contact into interaction with user-interfaceobjects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) thatare displayed on touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, a pointof contact between touch screen 112 and the user corresponds to a fingerof the user.

Touch screen 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display)technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED(light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologiesare used in other embodiments. Touch screen 112 and display controller156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof usingany of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or laterdeveloped, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared,and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximitysensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points ofcontact with touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projectedmutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in theiPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

Touch screen 112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi.In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution ofapproximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touchscreen 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, afinger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface isdesigned to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures,which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger areaof contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, thedevice translates the rough finger-based input into a precisepointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired bythe user.

In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating ordeactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad isa touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, doesnot display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, atouch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen 112 or anextension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.

Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the variouscomponents. Power system 162 optionally includes a power managementsystem, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current(AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a powerconverter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emittingdiode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation,management and distribution of power in portable devices.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller 158in I/O subsystem 106. Optical sensor 164 optionally includescharge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor 164 receives light from theenvironment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the lightto data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module 143(also called a camera module), optical sensor 164 optionally capturesstill images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is locatedon the back of device 100, opposite touch screen display 112 on thefront of the device, so that the touch screen display is enabled for useas a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In someembodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of thedevice so that the user's image is, optionally, obtained forvideoconferencing while the user views the other video conferenceparticipants on the touch screen display.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensitysensors 165. FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor coupled tointensity sensor controller 159 in I/O subsystem 106. Contact intensitysensor 165 optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges,capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric forcesensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, orother intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (orpressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensitysensor 165 receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressureinformation or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment.In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocatedwith, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitivedisplay system 112). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensitysensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch screendisplay 112 which is located on the front of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.FIG. 1A shows proximity sensor 166 coupled to peripherals interface 118.Alternately, proximity sensor 166 is coupled to input controller 160 inI/O subsystem 106. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns offand disables touch screen 112 when the multifunction device is placednear the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile outputgenerators 167. FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator coupled tohaptic feedback controller 161 in I/O subsystem 106. Tactile outputgenerator 167 optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devicessuch as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanicaldevices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor,solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostaticactuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., acomponent that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on thedevice). Contact intensity sensor 165 receives tactile feedbackgeneration instructions from haptic feedback module 133 and generatestactile outputs on device 100 that are capable of being sensed by a userof device 100. In some embodiments, at least one tactile outputgenerator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112) and, optionally, generates atactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g.,in/out of a surface of device 100) or laterally (e.g., back and forth inthe same plane as a surface of device 100). In some embodiments, atleast one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back ofdevice 100, opposite touch screen display 112 which is located on thefront of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 168. FIG.1A shows accelerometer 168 coupled to peripherals interface 118.Alternately, accelerometer 168 is, optionally, coupled to an inputcontroller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. In some embodiments, information isdisplayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscapeview based on an analysis of data received from the one or moreaccelerometers. Device 100 optionally includes, in addition toaccelerometer(s) 168, a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASSor other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaininginformation concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait orlandscape) of device 100.

In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102include operating system 126, communication module (or set ofinstructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130,graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, text input module (or setof instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set ofinstructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136.Furthermore, in some embodiments memory 102 stores device/globalinternal state 157, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 3. Device/global internalstate 157 includes one or more of: active application state, indicatingwhich applications, if any, are currently active; display state,indicating what applications, views or other information occupy variousregions of touch screen display 112; sensor state, including informationobtained from the device's various sensors and input control devices116; and location information concerning the device's location and/orattitude.

Operating system 126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, oran embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various softwarecomponents and/or drivers for controlling and managing general systemtasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, powermanagement, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardwareand software components.

Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devicesover one or more external ports 124 and also includes various softwarecomponents for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/orexternal port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB),FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices orindirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). Insome embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin)connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch screen112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and other touchsensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel).Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components forperforming various operations related to detection of contact, such asdetermining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-downevent), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force orpressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of thecontact) determining if there is movement of the contact and trackingthe movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one ormore finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased(e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact).Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitivesurface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which isrepresented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determiningspeed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or anacceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point ofcontact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts(e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g.,“multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments,contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on atouchpad.

In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or moreintensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has beenperformed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” onan icon). In some embodiments at least a subset of the intensitythresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g.,the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholdsof particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changingthe physical hardware of device 100). For example, a mouse “click”threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of alarge range of predefined thresholds values without changing thetrackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in someimplementations a user of the device is provided with software settingsfor adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., byadjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting aplurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click“intensity” parameter).

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user.Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contactpatterns and intensities. Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected bydetecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a fingertap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detectinga finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially thesame position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of anicon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on thetouch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followedby detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequentlyfollowed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event.

Graphics module 132 includes various known software components forrendering and displaying graphics on touch screen 112 or other display,including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness,transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphicsthat are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes anyobject that can be displayed to a user, including without limitationtext, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including softkeys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.

In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representinggraphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned acorresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applicationsetc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with,if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and thengenerates screen image data to output to display controller 156.

Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components forgenerating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 167 toproduce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device 100 inresponse to user interactions with device 100.

Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphicsmodule 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in variousapplications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, andany other application that needs text input).

GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides thisinformation for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 foruse in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as picture/video metadata,and to applications that provide location-based services such as weatherwidgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).

Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets ofinstructions), or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact        list);    -   telephone module 138;    -   video conferencing module 139;    -   e-mail client module 140;    -   instant messaging (IM) module 141;    -   workout support module 142;    -   camera module 143 for still and/or video images;    -   image management module 144;    -   browser module 147;    -   calendar module 148;    -   widget modules 149, which optionally include one or more of:        weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget        149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary widget 149-5, and        other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created        widgets 149-6;    -   widget creator module 150 for making user-created widgets 149-6;    -   search module 151;    -   video and music player module 152, which is, optionally, made up        of a video player module and a music player module;    -   notes module 153;    -   map module 154; and/or    -   online video module 155.

Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored inmemory 102 include other word processing applications, other imageediting applications, drawing applications, presentation applications,JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voicerecognition, and voice replication.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contactmodule 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, contactsmodule 137 are, optionally, used to manage an address book or contactlist (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to theaddress book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associatingtelephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or otherinformation with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizingand sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses toinitiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone 138, videoconference 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; and so forth.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephone module138 are, optionally, used to enter a sequence of characterscorresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephonenumbers in address book 137, modify a telephone number that has beenentered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation anddisconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As notedabove, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality ofcommunications standards, protocols and technologies.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module132, text input module 134, contact list 137, and telephone module 138,videoconferencing module 139 includes executable instructions toinitiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user andone or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executable instructions tocreate, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to userinstructions. In conjunction with image management module 144, e-mailclient module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails withstill or video images taken with camera module 143.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executableinstructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to aninstant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit arespective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service(SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-basedinstant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-basedinstant messages), to receive instant messages and to view receivedinstant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or receivedinstant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, videofiles and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or anEnhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging”refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMSor MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP,SIMPLE, or IMPS).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music player module 146,workout support module 142 includes executable instructions to createworkouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals);communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workoutsensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select andplay music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, opticalsensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130,graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143includes executable instructions to capture still images or video(including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modifycharacteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image orvideo from memory 102.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contactmodule 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and cameramodule 143, image management module 144 includes executable instructionsto arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete,present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/orvideo images.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions tobrowse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, includingsearching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portionsthereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, calendarmodule 148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify,and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendarentries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149 aremini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user(e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or createdby the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, awidget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS(Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In someembodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) fileand a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, and browser module 147, the widget creator module 150 are,optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning auser-specified portion of a web page into a widget).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156,contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134,search module 151 includes executable instructions to search for text,music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 that matchone or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified searchterms) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156,contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video and music playermodule 152 includes executable instructions that allow the user todownload and play back recorded music and other sound files stored inone or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executableinstructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., ontouch screen 112 or on an external, connected display via external port124). In some embodiments, device 100 optionally includes thefunctionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of AppleInc.).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contactmodule 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, notes module153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to dolists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154 are,optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and dataassociated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and otherpoints of interest at or near a particular location; and otherlocation-based data) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156,contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140,and browser module 147, online video module 155 includes instructionsthat allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streamingand/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on anexternal, connected display via external port 124), send an e-mail witha link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videosin one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instantmessaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, is used tosend a link to a particular online video.

Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to aset of executable instructions for performing one or more functionsdescribed above and the methods described in this application (e.g., thecomputer-implemented methods and other information processing methodsdescribed herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need notbe implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, andthus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined orotherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments,memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structuresidentified above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionally stores additionalmodules and data structures not described above.

In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of apredefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusivelythrough a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/ora touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons,dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.

The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through atouch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation betweenuser interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by theuser, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any userinterface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menubutton” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, themenu button is a physical push button or other physical input controldevice instead of a touchpad.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments,memory 102 (in FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3) includes event sorter 170 (e.g.,in operating system 126) and a respective application 136-1 (e.g., anyof the aforementioned applications 137-151, 155, 380-390).

Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines theapplication 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to whichto deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes eventmonitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments,application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, whichindicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitivedisplay 112 when the application is active or executing. In someembodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, andapplication internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determineapplication views 191 to which to deliver event information.

In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additionalinformation, such as one or more of: resume information to be used whenapplication 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state informationthat indicates information being displayed or that is ready for displayby application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back toa prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue ofprevious actions taken by the user.

Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., auser touch on touch-sensitive display 112, as part of a multi-touchgesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receivesfrom I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166,accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/Osubsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display 112 or atouch-sensitive surface.

In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripheralsinterface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripheralsinterface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments,peripheral interface 118 transmits event information only when there isa significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predeterminednoise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).

In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit viewdetermination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determinationmodule 173.

Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures fordetermining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views,when touch sensitive display 112 displays more than one view. Views aremade up of controls and other elements that a user can see on thedisplay.

Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is aset of views, sometimes herein called application views or userinterface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-basedgestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) inwhich a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levelswithin a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example,the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally,called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as properinputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hitview of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.

Hit view determination module 172 receives information related tosub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multipleviews organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which shouldhandle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowestlevel view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the firstsub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potentialevent). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determinationmodule, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to thesame touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.

Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which viewor views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence ofsub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determinationmodule 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particularsequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizerdetermination module 173 determines that all views that include thephysical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, andtherefore determines that all actively involved views should receive aparticular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touchsub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with oneparticular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain asactively involved views.

Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an eventrecognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including activeevent recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined byactive event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments,event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the eventinformation, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module182.

In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170.Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet otherembodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part ofanother module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.

In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of eventhandlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of whichincludes instructions for handling touch events that occur within arespective view of the application's user interface. Each applicationview 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a pluralityof event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of eventrecognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interfacekit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, objectupdater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from eventsorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176, object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update the applicationinternal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views191 includes one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in someembodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, andGUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.

A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g.,event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an event from theevent information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 andevent comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 alsoincludes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event deliveryinstructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event deliveryinstructions).

Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. Theevent information includes information about a sub-event, for example, atouch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the eventinformation also includes additional information, such as location ofthe sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the eventinformation optionally also includes speed and direction of thesub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the devicefrom one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to alandscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event informationincludes corresponding information about the current orientation (alsocalled device attitude) of the device.

Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined eventor sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines anevent or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event orsub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes eventdefinitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events(e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1(187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events inan event 187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touchmovement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, thedefinition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object.The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) onthe displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touchend) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on thedisplayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touchend) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition forevent 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, forexample, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for apredetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitivedisplay 112, and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments,the event also includes information for one or more associated eventhandlers 190.

In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of anevent for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, eventcomparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interfaceobject is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an applicationview in which three user-interface objects are displayed ontouch-sensitive display 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitivedisplay 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine whichof the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch(sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respectiveevent handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit testto determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example,event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with thesub-event and the object triggering the hit test.

In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event 187 alsoincludes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event informationuntil after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-eventsdoes or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.

When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series ofsub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, therespective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, eventfailed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequentsub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other eventrecognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue totrack and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate howthe event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to activelyinvolved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includesconfigurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how eventrecognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. Insome embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags,and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varyinglevels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates eventhandler 190 associated with an event when one or more particularsub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with theevent to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinctfrom sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view.In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated withthe recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flagcatches the flag and performs a predefined process.

In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-eventdelivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-eventwithout activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event deliveryinstructions deliver event information to event handlers associated withthe series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlersassociated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved viewsreceive the event information and perform a predetermined process.

In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used inapplication 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephonenumber used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in videoplayer module 145. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates andupdates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of auser-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUIupdater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.

In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to dataupdater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In someembodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 orapplication view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two ormore software modules.

It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding eventhandling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies toother forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 withinput-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. Forexample, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinatedwith single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movementssuch as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs;movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements;biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilizedas inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to berecognized.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100 having a touchscreen 112 in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screenoptionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI) 200.In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabledto select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on thegraphics, for example, with one or more fingers 202 (not drawn to scalein the figure) or one or more styluses 203 (not drawn to scale in thefigure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurswhen the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In someembodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one ormore swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward)and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upwardand/or downward) that has made contact with device 100. In someimplementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphicdoes not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweepsover an application icon optionally does not select the correspondingapplication when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, suchas “home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204is, optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set ofapplications that are, optionally executed on device 100. Alternatively,in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in aGUI displayed on touch screen 112.

In one embodiment, device 100 includes touch screen 112, menu button204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking thedevice, volume adjustment button(s) 208, Subscriber Identity Module(SIM) card slot 210, head set jack 212, and docking/charging externalport 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/offon the device by depressing the button and holding the button in thedepressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device bydepressing the button and releasing the button before the predefinedtime interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate anunlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device 100 also acceptsverbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions throughmicrophone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or morecontact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts ontouch screen 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 forgenerating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments. Device 300 need not be portable. In some embodiments,device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer,a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device(such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device(e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device 300 typically includesone or more processing units (CPU's) 310, one or more network or othercommunications interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communicationbuses 320 for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 320optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) thatinterconnects and controls communications between system components.Device 300 includes input/output (I/O) interface 330 comprising display340, which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface 330 alsooptionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)350 and touchpad 355, tactile output generator 357 for generatingtactile outputs on device 300 (e.g., similar to tactile outputgenerator(s) 167 described above with reference to FIG. 1A), sensors 359(e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contactintensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s) 165 describedabove with reference to FIG. 1A). Memory 370 includes high-speed randomaccess memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solidstate memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, suchas one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storagedevices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storagedevices. Memory 370 optionally includes one or more storage devicesremotely located from CPU(s) 310. In some embodiments, memory 370 storesprograms, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs,modules, and data structures stored in memory 102 of portablemultifunction device 100 (FIG. 1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore,memory 370 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and datastructures not present in memory 102 of portable multifunction device100. For example, memory 370 of device 300 optionally stores drawingmodule 380, presentation module 382, word processing module 384, websitecreation module 386, disk authoring module 388, and/or spreadsheetmodule 390, while memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG.1A) optionally does not store these modules.

Each of the above identified elements in FIG. 3 are, optionally, storedin one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of theabove identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions forperforming a function described above. The above identified modules orprograms (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented asseparate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus varioussubsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwisere-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 370optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identifiedabove. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional modules anddata structures not described above.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”)that is, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device 100.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance withsome embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implementedon device 300. In some embodiments, user interface 400 includes thefollowing elements, or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Signal strength indicator(s) 402 for wireless communication(s),        such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;    -   Time 404;    -   Bluetooth indicator 405;    -   Battery status indicator 406;    -   Tray 408 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:        -   Icon 416 for telephone module 138, labeled “Phone,” which            optionally includes an indicator 414 of the number of missed            calls or voicemail messages;        -   Icon 418 for e-mail client module 140, labeled “Mail,” which            optionally includes an indicator 410 of the number of unread            e-mails;        -   Icon 420 for browser module 147, labeled “Browser;” and        -   Icon 422 for video and music player module 152, also            referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module 152,            labeled “iPod;” and    -   Icons for other applications, such as:        -   Icon 424 for IM module 141, labeled “Text;”        -   Icon 426 for calendar module 148, labeled “Calendar;”        -   Icon 428 for image management module 144, labeled “Photos;”        -   Icon 430 for camera module 143, labeled “Camera;”        -   Icon 432 for online video module 155, labeled “Online Video”        -   Icon 434 for stocks widget 149-2, labeled “Stocks;”        -   Icon 436 for map module 154, labeled “Map;”        -   Icon 438 for weather widget 149-1, labeled “Weather;”        -   Icon 440 for alarm clock widget 149-4, labeled “Clock;”        -   Icon 442 for workout support module 142, labeled “Workout            Support;”        -   Icon 444 for notes module 153, labeled “Notes;” and        -   Icon 446 for a settings application or module, which            provides access to settings for device 100 and its various            applications 136.

It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in FIG. 4A aremerely exemplary. For example, icon 422 for video and music playermodule 152 are labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are,optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, alabel for a respective application icon includes a name of anapplication corresponding to the respective application icon. In someembodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct froma name of an application corresponding to the particular applicationicon.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451 (e.g., a tabletor touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from the display 450 (e.g.,touch screen display 112). Device 300 also, optionally, includes one ormore contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors 357) fordetecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface 451 and/orone or more tactile output generators 359 for generating tactile outputsfor a user of device 300.

Although some of the examples which follow will be given with referenceto inputs on touch screen display 112 (where the touch sensitive surfaceand the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detectsinputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display,as shown in FIG. 4B. In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface(e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) has a primary axis (e.g., 452 in FIG. 4B) thatcorresponds to a primary axis (e.g., 453 in FIG. 4B) on the display(e.g., 450). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detectscontacts (e.g., 460 and 462 in FIG. 4B) with the touch-sensitive surface451 at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display(e.g., in FIG. 4B, 460 corresponds to 468 and 462 corresponds to 470).In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts 460 and 462, and movementsthereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,451 in FIG. 4B) are used by the device to manipulate the user interfaceon the display (e.g., 450 in FIG. 4B) of the multifunction device whenthe touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should beunderstood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other userinterfaces described herein.

Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily withreference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures,finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in someembodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with inputfrom another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input).For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click(e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor alongthe path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). Asanother example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouseclick while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture(e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detectthe contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneouslydetected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are,optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are,optionally, used simultaneously.

As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input elementthat indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user isinteracting. In some implementations that include a cursor or otherlocation marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when aninput (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touchpad 355 in FIG. 3 or touch-sensitive surface 451 in FIG. 4B)while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., abutton, window, slider or other user interface element), the particularuser interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detectedinput. In some implementations that include a touch-screen display(e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112 in FIG. 1A or touch screen 112in FIG. 4A) that enables direct interaction with user interface elementson the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the touch-screen actsas a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by thecontact) is detected on the touch-screen display at a location of aparticular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider orother user interface element), the particular user interface element isadjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementationsfocus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region ofthe user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor ormovement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a tabkey or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); inthese implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance withmovement of focus between different regions of the user interface.Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, thefocus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on atouch-screen display) that is controlled by the user so as tocommunicate the user's intended interaction with the user interface(e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interfacewith which the user is intending to interact). For example, the locationof a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact or a selection box) overa respective button while a press input is detected on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicatethat the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposedto other user interface elements shown on a display of the device).

The user interface figures described below include various intensitydiagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on thetouch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds(e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT₀, a light pressintensity threshold IT_(L), a deep press intensity threshold IT_(D),and/or one or more other intensity thresholds). This intensity diagramis typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is providedto aid in the interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, thelight press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which thedevice will perform operations typically associated with clicking abutton of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deeppress intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which thedevice will perform operations that are different from operationstypically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or atrackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with anintensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above anominal contact-detection intensity threshold IT₀ below which thecontact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector inaccordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surfacewithout performing an operation associated with the light pressintensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally,unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistentbetween different sets of user interface figures.

An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below thelight press intensity threshold IT_(L) to an intensity between the lightpress intensity threshold IT_(L) and the deep press intensity thresholdIT_(D) is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase ofintensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep pressintensity threshold IT_(D) to an intensity above the deep pressintensity threshold IT_(D) is sometimes referred to as a “deep press”input. An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity belowthe contact-detection intensity threshold IT₀ to an intensity betweenthe contact-detection intensity threshold IT₀ and the light pressintensity threshold IT_(L) is sometimes referred to as detecting thecontact on the touch-surface. A decrease of intensity of the contactfrom an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold IT₀ toan intensity below the contact intensity threshold IT₀ is sometimesreferred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface.In some embodiments IT₀ is zero. In some embodiments IT₀ is greater thanzero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used to representintensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In someillustrations a circle or oval without shading is used represent arespective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying theintensity of the respective contact.

In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations areperformed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respectivepress input or in response to detecting the respective press inputperformed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), wherethe respective press input is detected based at least in part ondetecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality ofcontacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments,the respective operation is performed in response to detecting theincrease in intensity of the respective contact above the press-inputintensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective pressinput). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase inintensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensitythreshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact belowthe press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation isperformed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensityof the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “upstroke” of the respective press input).

In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoidaccidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines orselects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationshipto the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensitythreshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensitythreshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90% or somereasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, insome embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity ofthe respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and asubsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresisintensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensitythreshold, and the respective operation is performed in response todetecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contactbelow the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of therespective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press inputis detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of thecontact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity thresholdto an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and,optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to anintensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respectiveoperation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g.,the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity ofthe contact, depending on the circumstances).

For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed inresponse to a press input associated with a press-input intensitythreshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are,optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase inintensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, anincrease in intensity of a contact from an intensity below thehysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-inputintensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below thepress-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of thecontact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to thepress-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where anoperation is described as being performed in response to detecting adecrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensitythreshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response todetecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresisintensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-inputintensity threshold.

User Interfaces and Associated Processes Previewing Content

Many electronic devices allow users to interact with items such asdocuments. A document may reside in a folder or attached anotherdocument, such as an email. In some methods, if the user wants to lookat the contents of the document, the user would have to open thedocument in the associated application. This can be tedious and wastefulof system resources, as the user may merely wish to view the documentcontents quickly. The embodiments below improve on existing methods ofinteracting with documents by allowing the user to preview a document oropen the document based on the intensity of a contact corresponding tointeracting with a document icon. If the gesture includes a contact witha high intensity, the device displays a preview of the document isdisplayed. If the gesture includes a contact with a relatively lowintensity, the device opens the document in the associated application.The user is thus able to control whether the device opens the documentor opens a preview the document by adjusting the intensity of a contacton a touch-sensitive surface.

FIGS. 5A-5S illustrate exemplary user interfaces for previewing contentin accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in thesefigures are used to illustrate the processes described below, includingthe processes in FIGS. 6A-6C. FIGS. 5A-5S include intensity diagramsthat show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitivesurface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including alight press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) and a deep pressintensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”). In some embodiments, operationssimilar to those described below with reference to IT_(D) are performedwith reference to a different intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”), andvice versa.

FIG. 5A illustrates window 2404 of an application displayed on display450 (e.g., display 340, touch screen 112) of a device (e.g., device 300,100). The application with which window 2404 is associated is anapplication that displays content, such as an email application.Content, such as document 2406, is displayed in window 2404. Document2406 optionally includes embedded content, attached content, and/orlinks to other content (for convenience, collectively referred to belowas “embedded content”). The embedded content is, optionally, representedby document icons 2408. For example, document 2406 includes documenticons 2408-1 and 2408-2, each of which corresponds to respectiveembedded content (e.g., a document) embedded in document 2406. Therespective documents corresponding to icons 2408-1 and 2408-2 areassociated with respective applications. For example, icon 2408-1optionally corresponds to a presentation document, which is associatedwith a presentation application. The document associated with an icon2408 is, optionally, a word processing document, a spreadsheet, apresentation, a drawing, a graphic or image, an audio file, a videofile, a text document, or a Portable Document Format document (sometimesreferred to as a PDF).

Cursor 2410 is also displayed on display 450. Cursor 2410 is an exampleof a focus selector. A user may move cursor 2410 on display 450 (e.g.,using touch-sensitive surface 451 of the device) to bring focus to anelement displayed on display 450 (e.g., a user interface object, anicon, a link, etc.) by moving a contact on touch-sensitive surface 451.FIG. 5A shows movement of contact 2412 down and to the left ontouch-sensitive surface 451 that causes the device to move cursor 2410down and to the left on display 450.

FIG. 5B shows gesture detected on touch-sensitive surface 450 whilecursor 2410 is located over document icon 2408-1. The gesture includes apress input corresponding to an increase in intensity of contact 2412 ontouch-sensitive surface 451 from an intensity below the light pressintensity threshold IT_(L) to an intensity above the light pressintensity threshold IT_(L). Contact 2412 in the gesture is determined tohave a maximum intensity that is below the deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”).

In response to the detection of the gesture including contact 2412 andin accordance with the determination that contact 2412 had a maximumintensity that is below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g.,“IT_(D)”), the document corresponding to document icon 2408-1 isdisplayed in a new application window of the application with which thedocument is associated. For example, FIG. 5C shows Document 1 2416,which corresponds to document icon 2408-1, displayed in new applicationwindow 2414 for the application with which Document 1 2416 is associated(e.g., if document 1 is a word processing document, then the applicationassociated with application window 2414 is a word processing documentcreation application). Application window 2414 is, optionally, displayedover window 2404. The application with which Document 1 2416 isassociated is, optionally, different from the application with whichwindow 2404 is associated (e.g., Document 1 is associated with a wordprocessing creation application and window 2404 is a window of an emailapplication). In some embodiments, Document 1 2416 is editable by theuser while displayed in application window 2414. In some embodiments,Document 1 2416 is displayed in application window 2414 after liftoff ofcontact 2412 is detected. For example, in FIG. 5C, the device hasdetected a liftoff of contact 2412, and Document 1 2416 is displayedafter (or in response to) the liftoff of contact 2412.

While Document 1 2416 is displayed in application window 2414, focus is,optionally, taken away from Document 1 2416 in application window 2414.For example, in FIG. 5D, the device detects a gesture including movementof contact 2418 across touch-sensitive surface 451 to the location ofcontact 2418 in FIG. 5E and in response to detecting movement of contact2418, the device moves cursor 2410 across display 450. In FIG. 5E, thedevice detects an increase in the intensity of contact 2418 from anintensity below IT_(L) to an intensity above IT_(L) and in response todetecting the increase in intensity of contact 2418, of the device movesfocus away from application window 2414. In response to detection of thegesture including the increase in intensity of contact 2418, Document 12416 remains displayed in application window 2414 (e.g., the applicationassociated with Document 1 does not cease to be displayed solely basedon focus being shifted to a different element in the user interface).

FIGS. 5F-5G shows a gesture including contact 2420 (e.g., a tap-and-holdgesture) detected on touch-sensitive surface 450 while cursor 2410 islocated over icon 2408-1. The gesture includes detecting an increase inintensity of contact 2420 on touch-sensitive surface 451 from anintensity below a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) to anintensity above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”). Thecontact has an intensity that is determined by the device throughout thegesture. The contact in gesture 2420 is determined to have reached anintensity during the gesture that is above the deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”).

In response to the detection of the gesture including contact 2420 andin accordance with the determination that contact 2420 reached anintensity during the gesture that is above the deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”), preview 2424 of Document 1 2416 is displayedin preview interface 2422, and application window 2414 with Document 12416 is not displayed, as shown in FIG. 5H. Preview interface 2422 is,optionally, a pop-up window.

In some embodiments, an animation showing a transformation of icon2408-1 to preview interface 2422 is displayed. For example, FIGS. 5F-5Hshows, in response to the detection of the gesture that includes theincrease in intensity of contact 2420 from an intensity below the deeppress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) to an intensity above thedeep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”), the device expands icon2408-1 into preview interface 2422, showing an animation that includesone or more intermediate stages 2421. The progression of the expansionanimation is, optionally, determined in accordance with the intensity ofcontact 2420 in the gesture. For example, the higher the intensity ofthe contact (while remaining above the deep press intensity threshold),the faster the animation progresses. Alternatively, the progression ofthe transformation animation is mapped to various intensity values. Asthe intensity of contact 2420 increases through the various intensityvalues, the animation progresses, and the animation is reversed if theintensity decreases below the intensity values.

In some embodiments, preview 2424 is displayed in preview interface 2422before liftoff of contact 2420 is detected. For example, in FIGS. 5F-5H,contact 2420 continues to be detected on touch-sensitive surface 451 aspreview interface 2422 is displayed in response to detection of thegesture including the increase in intensity of contact 2420.

In some embodiments, preview interface 2422, in which preview 2424 isdisplayed, is associated with a preview application for previewingdocuments associated with multiple different applications (e.g., thepreview application can display read-only views of word processingdocuments, presentation documents, PDFs and spreadsheet documents). Thepreview application is different from the application with whichapplication window 2414 is associated. For example, if Document 1 2416is a presentation document, then application window 2414 is a window ofa presentation application, and preview interface 2422 is an interfaceof a preview application that is configured to read the presentationdocument as well as other types of documents (e.g., word processingdocuments, PDFs and spreadsheet documents). In some embodiments, thepreview application does not enable editing of Document 1 2416 while itis displayed as preview 2424 (e.g., Document 1 2416 is read-only whiledisplayed as preview 2424 in preview interface 2422), and theapplication associated with application window 2414 does allow editingof Document 1 2416 while displayed in application window 2414. In someembodiments, the application associated with application window 2414 hasa set of document editing capabilities, and the preview application ismissing one or more of the set of document editing capabilities (e.g.,the preview application provides limited editing capabilities comparedto the “full set” of editing capabilities provided by the applicationassociated with application window 2414).

While preview 2424 is displayed in preview interface 2422, focus is,optionally, taken away from preview 2424 in preview interface 2422. Forexample, in Figure SI, the device detects a tap gesture includingdetecting contact 2426 on touch-sensitive surface 451. In response tothe detection of the tap gesture while cursor 2410 is at a location ondisplay 450 that is remote from preview interface 2422, the device movesfocus away from preview window 2422 and ceases to display previewinterface 2422 and preview 2424, as shown in FIG. 5J.

FIGS. 5J-5L illustrate a gesture including movement of contact 2428across touch-sensitive surface 451 and a press input including anincrease in intensity of contact 2428 from an intensity below the deeppress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) to an intensity above thedeep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) while cursor 2410 islocated over icon 2408-1. In response to detecting movement of contact2428 upward and to the left on touch-sensitive surface while contact2428 has an intensity between IT₀ and IT_(L) the device moves cursor2410 upward and to the left on display. In response to the detection ofintensity of the contact increase in intensity of contact 2428 from anintensity below the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) toan intensity above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”),the device changes the appearance of icon 2408-1 to indicate thatpreview 2424 will be displayed in response to detection of an end of thegesture (e.g., liftoff of contact 2428). For example, the change inappearance includes decreasing the size of icon 2408-1, as shown in FIG.5L. The size decrease is, optionally, displayed as an animation in whichthe progression of the animation is determined in accordance with theintensity of the contact (e.g., icon 2408-1 decreases in size more asthe intensity increases above IT_(D)). As the intensity of contact 2428decreases toward a liftoff (and thus the end of the gesture), icon2408-1 is animated to transform into preview interface 2422 with preview2424, as shown in FIGS. 5M-5O.

In some embodiments, document icons 2408-1 and 2408-2 are not displayedwithin a document, and the corresponding documents are not embedded inanother document. For example, document icons 2408-1 and 2408-2 are,optionally, displayed on a desktop user interface or in a listing offiles in a folder; document icons 2408-1 and 2408-2 optionally representrespective shortcuts to the corresponding documents or the documentsthemselves.

FIGS. 5P-5S illustrate an example of the user interfaces described abovewith reference to FIGS. 5A-5O implemented on a device with atouch-sensitive display 2430 (e.g., device 100 with touch screen 112).FIG. 5P shows document icons 2408-1 and 2408-2 displayed in document2406, on touch-sensitive display 2430. A gesture including an increasein intensity of contact 2432 from an intensity below the light pressintensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) to an intensity above the lightpress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) is detected ontouch-sensitive display 2430 while a focus selector (e.g., contact 2432)is over icon 2408-1. Contact 2432 in the gesture is determined to have amaximum intensity that is below the deep press intensity threshold(e.g., “IT_(D)”). In response to the detection of the gesture includingcontact 2432 and in accordance with the determination that the maximumintensity of the contact 2432 is below the deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”), the device displays application window 2414with Document 1 2416 on touch-sensitive display 2430, as shown in FIG.5Q.

FIG. 5R shows document icons 2408-1 and 2408-2 displayed in document2406, on touch-sensitive display 2430. A gesture including an increasein intensity of contact 2434 from an intensity below the light pressintensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) to an intensity above the lightpress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) detected on touch-sensitivedisplay 2430 while a focus selector (e.g., contact 2434) is over 2408-1.Contact 2434 in the gesture is determined to have reached an intensityduring the gesture that is above the deep press intensity threshold(e.g., “IT_(D)”). In response to the detection of the gesture includingcontact 2434 and in accordance with the determination that the contact2434 in the gesture reached an intensity during the gesture that isabove the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”), previewinterface 2422 and preview 2424 are displayed on display 2430, as shownin FIG. 5S.

FIGS. 6A-6C are flow diagrams illustrating a method 2500 of previewingcontent in accordance with some embodiments. The method 2500 isperformed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portablemultifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a display, a touch-sensitivesurface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts withthe touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touchscreen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. Insome embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitivesurface. Some operations in method 2500 are, optionally, combined and/orthe order of some operations are, optionally, changed.

As described below, the method 2500 provides an intuitive way to previewcontent. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user whenpreviewing content, thereby creating a more efficient human-machineinterface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user topreview content faster and more efficiently conserves power andincreases the time between battery charges.

The device displays (2502) a plurality of document icons, including arespective document icon corresponding to a respective electronicdocument associated with a respective application. For example, documenticons 2408-1 and 2408-2 are displayed on display 450 or touch-sensitivedisplay 2430, as shown in FIG. 5A or 5P. Document icon 2408-1corresponds to Document 1 2416, which is associated with an application(e.g., Document 1 is a word processing document associated with a wordprocessing document creation application, or Document 1 is apresentation document associated with a presentation document creationapplication).

While a focus selector (e.g., a selection box, a cursor, or arepresentative point corresponding to a contact such as a finger contactor a stylus contact) is over the respective document icon, the devicedetects (2504) a gesture that includes a contact on the touch-sensitivesurface. For example, while cursor 2410 is located over icon 2408-1, thegesture including the increase in intensity of contact 2412 in FIGS.5B-5C (or the gesture including the increase in intensity of contact2420 in FIGS. 5F-5H) is detected on touch-sensitive surface 451. Asanother example, the gesture including the increase in intensity ofcontact 2432 in FIGS. 5P-5Q (or the gesture including the increase inintensity of contact 2434 in FIGS. 5R-5S) is detected on touch-sensitivedisplay 2430 while the contact that increases in intensity during thegesture (e.g., contact 2432 or contact 2434, respectively) is over icon2408-1.

In response (2506) to detecting the gesture, in accordance with adetermination that the contact had a maximum intensity during thegesture that was below a respective intensity threshold (e.g.,“IT_(D)”), the device displays (2508) the electronic document in a newapplication window of the respective application. For example, inresponse to the detection of the gesture that includes the increase inintensity of contact 2412 and in accordance with the determination thatcontact 2412 had a maximum intensity during the gesture that is belowthe intensity threshold, Document 1 2416 is displayed in applicationwindow 2414, as shown in FIG. 5C. In response to the detection of thegesture that includes the increase in intensity of contact 2432 and inaccordance with the determination that contact 2432 had a maximumintensity during the gesture that is below the intensity threshold,Document 1 2416 is displayed in application window 2414, as shown inFIG. 5Q. In some embodiments, the respective electronic document is(2510) displayed in the new window of the respective application afterdetecting liftoff of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Forexample, Document 1 2416 is displayed in application window 2414 afterdetecting liftoff of contact 2412 as shown in FIG. 5C (or after liftoffof contact 2432, as shown in FIG. 5Q).

In response (2506) to detecting the gesture, in accordance with adetermination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesturethat was above the respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”), thedevice displays (2512) a preview of the respective electronic documentwithout displaying a new application window of the respectiveapplication. For example, in response to the detection of the gesturethat includes the increase in intensity of contact 2420 and inaccordance with the determination that contact 2420 had reached anintensity during the gesture that is above the intensity threshold(e.g., “IT_(D)”), the device displays preview 2424 of Document 1 2416 inpreview interface 2422, as shown in FIG. 5H. Similarly, in response tothe detection of the gesture that includes the increase in intensity ofcontact 2434 and in accordance with the determination that contact 2434had reached an intensity during the gesture that is above the intensitythreshold, the device displays preview 2424 of Document 1 2416 inpreview interface 2422, as shown in FIG. 5S.

In some embodiments, displaying the preview of the respective electronicdocument includes (2514) displaying an animation of the respectivedocument icon transforming into the preview of the respective electronicdocument, and a progression of the animation is determined in accordancewith intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., theanimation progresses at a speed determined by contact intensity or theanimation progresses through a plurality of intermediate states that aremapped to particular intensity thresholds, so that as the user pressesdown harder the animation progresses further toward displaying thepreview and if the user reduces the intensity of the contact, theanimation progresses back toward displaying the icon). For example,FIGS. 5L-5O show an animation of icon 2408-1 transforming into previewinterface 2422. The progression of the animation is, optionally,determined in accordance with the intensity of contact 2428. In someembodiments, the preview of the electronic document is (2516) displayedprior to detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-sensitivesurface. For example, FIGS. 5F-5H show preview 2424 displayed whilecontact 2420 is still detected on touch-sensitive surface 451.

In some embodiments, the device includes a preview application (e.g.,Quick Look by Apple Inc., Gloobus Preview, or Windows Picture and FaxViewer by Microsoft Inc.) for previewing documents associated with aplurality of different applications, the preview application is distinctfrom the respective application, and the preview of the electronicdocument is (2518) displayed in the preview application. For example,preview interface 2422 is an interface for a preview application, whichis different from the application with which Document 1 2416 isassociated.

In some embodiments, the respective application includes (2520) aplurality of document editing capabilities for editing the respectiveelectronic document, and the preview application does not include arespective document editing capability of the plurality of documentediting capabilities. For example, in the preview application content ofthe electronic document cannot be modified, whereas in the respectiveapplication, content of the electronic document can be modified.However, in some situations, the preview application provides limiteddocument editing capabilities such as rotating, renaming, modifyingmetadata, etc. For example, Document 1 2416 displayed in applicationwindow 2414 in FIGS. 5C-5E and 5Q is, optionally, editable in accordancewith the editing capabilities of the application with which Document 12416 is associated (e.g., a word processing document creationapplication), and preview 2424 in FIGS. 5H-5I, 5O and 5S is, optionally,read-only or editable in accordance with the editing capabilities of thepreview application (e.g., a dedicated electronic document previewapplication) that is less than the editing capabilities of theapplication with which Document 1 2416 is associated.

In some embodiments, while detecting the contact on the touch-sensitivesurface, the device determines (2522) that the contact has exceeded therespective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”). In response todetermining that the contact has exceeded the respective intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”), the device changes (2524) an appearance ofthe document icon to indicate that a preview of the respectiveelectronic document will be displayed in response to detecting an end ofthe gesture. For example, FIGS. 5K-5L show a gesture including anincrease in intensity of contact 2428 detected on touch-sensitivesurface 451. In FIG. 5L, contact 2428 is determined to exceed the deeppress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”), and in response, the devicechanges the appearance of icon 2408-1 by reducing the size of icon2408-1, as shown in FIG. 5L. In some embodiments, changing an appearanceof the document icon includes (2526) displaying an animation of thedocument icon growing smaller, where a progression of the animation isdetermined in accordance with an intensity of the contact. As shown inFIG. 5L, for example, icon 2408-1 decreases in size. In someembodiments, how much icon 2408-1 decreases in size is, optionally,determined in accordance with the intensity of the contact 2428. In someembodiments, the device displays the icon gradually decreasing in sizeas the intensity of contact 2428 gradually increases through intensitiesabove the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”).

In some embodiments, after detecting the gesture, the device detects(2528) a subsequent gesture that corresponds to moving focus away from arepresentation of the electronic document. In response (2530) todetecting the subsequent gesture, in accordance with a determinationthat the representation of the electronic document is the newapplication window in which the electronic document was opened, thedevice maintains (2532) the electronic document in the new applicationwindow. For example, FIGS. 5D-5E show a gesture including movement ofcontact 2418 across the touch-sensitive surface and a subsequentincrease in intensity of contact 2418 from an intensity below the lightpress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) to an intensity above thelight press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”), that is detected ontouch-sensitive surface 451. The gesture shown in FIGS. 5D-5E thatincludes the movement and increase in intensity of contact 2418 takesfocus away from Document 1 2416 in application window 2414. However, inresponse to the detection of the gesture shown in FIGS. 5D-5E thatincludes the movement and increase in intensity of contact 2418,Document 1 2416 remains displayed in application window 2414, as shownin FIG. 5E, where Document 1 2416 is still displayed in applicationwindow 2414 after detecting a press input including the increase inintensity of contact 2418. In contrast, in some embodiments, in responseto detecting the subsequent gesture (2530), in accordance with adetermination that the representation of the electronic document is apreview of the electronic document, the device ceases (2534) to displaythe preview of the electronic document. For example, FIGS. 5I-5J show atap gesture including detection of contact 2426 for less than apredefined time threshold detected on touch-sensitive surface 451. Thetap gesture in Figure SI that includes contact 2426 takes focus awayfrom preview 2424 in preview interface 2422. In response to thedetecting the tap gesture that includes detection of contact 2426, thedevice ceases to display preview 2424, as shown in FIG. 5J.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 6A-6C have been described is merely exemplary and isnot intended to indicate that the described order is the only order inwhich the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,those listed in paragraph [0043]) are also applicable in an analogousmanner to method 2500 described above with respect to FIGS. 6A-6C. Forexample, the contacts, gestures, icons, intensity thresholds, focusselectors, and animations described above with reference to method 2500optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts,gestures, icons, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animationsdescribed herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g.,those listed in paragraph [0043]). For brevity, these details are notrepeated here.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 7 shows a functional blockdiagram of an electronic device 2600 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or acombination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 7 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 7, an electronic device 2600 includes a display unit2602 configured to display a plurality of document icons, including arespective document icon corresponding to a respective electronicdocument associated with a respective application; a touch-sensitivesurface unit 2604 configured to receive gestures that include contacts;one or more sensor units 2605 configured to detect intensity of contactswith the touch-sensitive surface unit 2604; and a processing unit 2606coupled to the display unit 2602, the touch-sensitive surface unit 2604,and the sensor units 2605. In some embodiments, the processing unit 2606includes a detecting unit 2608, a display enabling unit 2610, amaintaining unit 2612, a ceasing unit 2614, a determining unit 2616, anda changing unit 2618.

The processing unit 2606 is configured to: while a focus selector isover the respective document icon, detect a gesture that includes acontact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 2604 (e.g., with thedetecting unit 2608); and in response to detecting the gesture: inaccordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit 2616)that the contact had a maximum intensity during the gesture that wasbelow a respective intensity threshold, enable display of the electronicdocument in a new application window of the respective application(e.g., with the display enabling unit 2610); and in accordance with adetermination (e.g., with the determining unit 2616) that the contactreached an intensity during the gesture that was above the respectiveintensity threshold, enable display of a preview of the respectiveelectronic document without enabling display of a new application windowof the respective application (e.g., with the display enabling unit2610).

In some embodiments, enabling display of the preview of the respectiveelectronic document includes enabling display of an animation of therespective document icon transforming into the preview of the respectiveelectronic document, and a progression of the animation is determined inaccordance with intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surfaceunit 2604 (e.g., with the display enabling unit 2610).

In some embodiments, the respective electronic document is displayed inthe new window of the respective application after detecting liftoff ofthe contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 2604.

In some embodiments, the preview of the electronic document is displayedprior to detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-sensitivesurface unit 2604.

In some embodiments, the device includes a preview application forpreviewing documents associated with a plurality of differentapplications, the preview application is distinct from the respectiveapplication, and the preview of the electronic document is displayed inthe preview application.

In some embodiments, the respective application includes a plurality ofdocument editing capabilities for editing the respective electronicdocument, and the preview application does not include a respectivedocument editing capability of the plurality of document editingcapabilities.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 2606 is configured to: afterdetecting the gesture, detect a subsequent gesture that corresponds tomoving focus away from a representation of the electronic document(e.g., with the detecting unit 2608); and in response to detecting thesubsequent gesture: in accordance with a determination that therepresentation of the electronic document is the new application windowin which the electronic document was opened, maintain the electronicdocument in the new application window (e.g., with the maintaining unit2612); and in accordance with a determination that the representation ofthe electronic document is a preview of the electronic document, ceaseto display the preview of the electronic document (e.g., with theceasing unit 2614).

In some embodiments, the processing unit 2606 is configured to: whiledetecting the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 2604,determine that the contact has exceeded the respective intensitythreshold (e.g., with the determining unit 2616); and in response todetermining that the contact has exceeded the respective intensitythreshold, change an appearance of the document icon to indicate that apreview of the respective electronic document will be displayed inresponse to detecting an end of the gesture (e.g., with the changingunit 2618).

In some embodiments, changing an appearance of the document iconincludes enabling display of an animation of the document icon growingsmaller, wherein a progression of the animation is determined inaccordance with an intensity of the contact.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules ininformation processing apparatus such as general purpose processors(e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 1A and 3) or applicationspecific chips.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 6A-6C are,optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B or FIG. 7.For example, detection operation 2504, and displaying operations 2508and 2512 are, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, eventrecognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display 112, and eventdispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to application136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 comparesthe event information to respective event definitions 186, anddetermines whether a first contact at a first location on thetouch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) correspondsto a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on auser interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation toanother. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer 180 activates an event handler 190 associated with thedetection of the event or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionallyutilizes or calls data updater 176 or object updater 177 to update theapplication internal state 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190accesses a respective GUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by theapplication. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinaryskill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on thecomponents depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

Previewing Content

Many electronic devices have user interfaces for browsing content items,such as photos. The content items are, optionally, organized intomultiple sets of items. In some methods, to preview the items within aset, a user would need to first select and open the desired set of itemsas in opening a folder, and then preview the items in the set. This addsadditional steps to the previewing process and can make the processtedious if the user is previewing items in multiple sets. Theembodiments below improve on these methods by enabling a user to previewitems within a set in accordance with movement and intensity of acontact. In the embodiments below, the sets of items are represented byframes displayed in a user interface. The user, using a finger contact,positions a focus selector over a desired frame and moves the focusselector across the frame. As the focus selector moves across the frame,previews of the items are displayed in sequence within the frame. Theuser may press harder with the contact when a particular preview isdisplayed to increase the size of that particular preview, and reducethe intensity of the press with the contact to reduce the size of thepreview back to the previous size.

FIGS. 8A-8W illustrate exemplary user interfaces for previewing contentin accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in thesefigures are used to illustrate the processes described below, includingthe processes in FIGS. 9A-9C. FIGS. 8A-8W include intensity diagramsthat show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitivesurface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including a deeppress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) and a light press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”). In some embodiments, operations similar tothose described below with reference to “IT_(D)” are performed withreference to a different intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”).

FIG. 8A illustrates user interface 5700 for an application displayed ondisplay 450 (e.g., display 340) of a device (e.g., device 300). Userinterface 5700 is, optionally, an interface for a content application,such as an image viewer application or a presentation application. Oneor more frames 5702 are displayed in user interface 5700. Each of theframes 5702 displayed in FIG. 8A corresponds to a set of multiplecontent items. The content items are, for example, photos or individualslides in a presentation. A set of multiple content items are,optionally, for example, a set of photos (e.g., a set of photos from atrip, a set of photos with a particular person as a subject, a set ofphotos with a common topic) or a presentation with multiple slides. Forexample, frame 5702-1 corresponds to content items 5704. Frame 5702-2corresponds to content items 5706. Frame 5702-3 corresponds to contentitems 5708. Frame 5702-4 corresponds to content items 5710.

For each frame 5702 in FIG. 8A, preview 5707 (e.g., a thumbnail) of anitem from the corresponding set is, optionally, displayed in therespective frame. For example, preview 5707 of item 5706-1 is displayedin frame 5702-2. Preview 5707 of item 5706-1 is, optionally, displayedat a size that fills up the entire frame 5702-2 (e.g., fill height orfill width of frame 5702-2, depending on the aspect ratio of item5706-1), with the possibility that parts of preview 5707 of item 5706-1is, optionally, cropped by the boundaries of frame 5702-2.

Cursor 5712 is displayed in user interface 5700. Cursor 5712 is anexample of a focus selector. In FIG. 8A, cursor 5712 is positioned awayfrom frames 5702. Contact 5714 is detected on touch-sensitive surface451. A user is enabled to move contact 5714 on touch-sensitive surface451 to move cursor 5712 to a position over frame 5702-2, as shown inFIG. 8B.

When cursor 5712 is positioned over frame 5702-2, a preview mode is,optionally, activated for frame 5702-2. While the preview mode for frame5702-2 is activated, previews of items 5706 is, optionally, displayed insequence, as described below. The previews are, optionally, displayed tofill up frame 5702-2 (with cropping as needed) or at their respectiveoriginal aspect ratios (with letterboxing or pillarboxing as needed).Regardless of whether a preview is displayed to fill up frame 5702-2 orat the original aspect ratio, the size of the preview is constrained bythe size of frame 5702-2 (hereinafter “frame size” for convenience) asdefined by the boundaries of frame 5702-2. For example, FIG. 8B showspreview 5707 of item 5706-1 displayed in its original aspect ratio, at asize limited by the frame size.

While cursor 5712 is located over frame 5702-2, contact 5716 is detectedon touch-sensitive surface 451. It should be appreciated that contact5716 is, optionally, a continuation of contact 5714 without anintervening liftoff of contact 5714, or a new contact detected ontouch-sensitive surface 451 after a liftoff of contact 5714.

While cursor 5712 is located over frame 5702-2, contact 5716 moves 5715substantially (e.g., at most 20 degrees above or below the horizontal)laterally (e.g., from the right to the left, or vice versa) ontouch-sensitive surface 451 in FIGS. 8B-8C. In response to detection ofthe substantially lateral movement 5715 of contact 5716, cursor 5712moves across frame 5702-2 in a direction corresponding to movement 5715,and preview 5707 of item 5706-2 is displayed at a size limited by theframe size, as shown in FIG. 8C. Item 5706-2 is a next item from item5706-1 within a sequence of items 5706. The sequence of items are,optionally, ordered by any suitable criterion or criteria, such aschronologically based on the date/time the image was taken or lastmodified, or alphabetically based on filename.

As contact 5716 continues to move laterally 5717, cursor 5712 continuesto move in FIGS. 8C-8D, in response to movement 5717, across frame5702-2 in accordance with movement 5717, and additional item(s) in thesequence of items 5706 are displayed. For example, FIG. 8D shows preview5707 of item 5706-3, which is a next item from item 5706-2 in thesequence, displayed in frame 5702-2 in response to detection ofcontinued lateral movement 5717 of contact 5716. It should beappreciated that the “next” item described above is, optionally, aprevious or a subsequent item in the sequence of items, depending on thelateral direction of the movement of contact 5716 that moves cursor 5712across frame 5702-2.

In some embodiments, the order in which the sequence of items ispreviewed depends on the position of the cursor relative to the rightand left boundaries or edges of the frame. For example, items 5706 are,optionally, a chronologically ordered set of images, the left edge offrame 5702-2 corresponds to the beginning of the set, and the right edgeof frame 5702-2 corresponds to the end of the set. As cursor 5712 ismoved from right to left (or vice versa) across frame 5702-2, previewsof items 5706 are displayed in chronological order based on thedirection of movement. Thus, in FIGS. 8B-8D, with cursor 5712 startingnearer to the right edge of frame 5702-2, items 5706-1 through 5706-3,for which previews are displayed, are items that are in reversechronological order within items 5706. Thus, in some embodiments, movingcursor 5712 from right to left within frame 5702-2 causes items 5706 tobe scanned in reverse order, while moving cursor 5712 from left to rightwithin frame 5702-2 causes items 5706 to be scanned in order.

FIG. 8D also shows contact 5716 ceasing to substantially move ontouch-sensitive surface 451. While contact 5716 is substantiallystationary on touch-sensitive surface 451, an increase in the intensityof contact 5716 is detected (e.g., from an intensity below IT_(L) to anintensity above IT_(D)), as shown in FIGS. 8E-8G. In response todetection of the increase in intensity of contact 5716, the size ofpreview 5707 of item 5706-3 is increased to a size larger than the framesize, as shown in FIG. 8G. Preview 5707 of item 5706-3 is no longerlimited by the frame size. In some embodiments, the size increase is,optionally, displayed as an animation. For example, an animation ofpreview 5707 of item 5706-3 expanding in size, an instant of which isshown in FIG. 8F, is, optionally, displayed. The animation optionallyfollows the increase in the intensity of contact 5716; the size ofpreview 5707 increases as the intensity of contact 5716 increases, asshown in FIGS. 8D-8G.

While preview 5707 of item 5706-3 is displayed at the larger size, theintensity of contact 5716 is, optionally, decreased (e.g., from anintensity above IT_(D) to an intensity below IT_(L)), as shown in FIGS.8H-8J. In response to detection of the decrease in intensity of contact5716, the size of preview 5707 of item 5706-3 is decreased back to theearlier size that was limited by the frame size, as shown in FIG. 8J. Insome embodiments, the size decrease is, optionally, displayed as ananimation. For example, an animation of preview 5707 of item 5706-3contracting in size, an instant of which is shown in FIG. 8I, is,optionally, displayed. The animation optionally follows the decrease inthe intensity of contact 5716; the size of preview 5707 decreases as theintensity of contact 5716 decreases, as shown in FIGS. 8H-8J.

In the description above, contact 5716, from movement 5715 through thedecrease in intensity (FIG. 8B through FIG. 8J), is an unbroken contact.Thus, in some embodiments, contact 5716 is not lifted off fromtouch-sensitive surface 451 from the time of movement 5715 through thedecrease in intensity.

In some embodiments, the decrease in intensity of contact 5716 includesa liftoff of contact 5716. For example, returning to, and continuingfrom FIG. 8H, while preview 5707 of item 5706-3 is displayed at thelarger size, a decrease in the intensity of contact 5716, including aliftoff of contact 5716, is detected, as shown in FIG. 8K. In responseto the detection of the decrease in the intensity of contact 5716,including the liftoff of contact 5716, the size of preview 5707 of item5706-3 is decreased back to the earlier size that was limited by theframe size, as shown in FIG. 8L. In some embodiments an animationsimilar to that shown in FIGS. 8H-8J is displayed in response todetecting liftoff of contact 5716.

While preview 5707 of item 5706-3 is displayed at the size larger thanthe frame size, as in FIG. 8G, contact 5716 is, optionally, movedlaterally on touch-sensitive surface 451 by the user. For example, FIG.8M shows preview 5707 of item 5706-3 displayed at the larger size, as inFIG. 8G. FIG. 8M shows contact 5716 moving 5718 rightward ontouch-sensitive surface 451. In some embodiments, preview 5707 of item5706-3 remains displayed at the larger size in response to detection ofmovement 5718 of contact 5716, as shown in FIG. 8N, where movement 5718did not change the item being previewed. Thus, in some embodiments,while preview 5707 is displayed at the larger size, scanning orscrolling of previews of items 5706 at the larger size is not available.

In contrast, in some embodiments, in response to detection of movement5718 of contact 5716 in FIG. 8M, cursor 5712 moves across frame 5702-2in accordance with movement 5718, and display of preview 5707 of item5706-3 is replaced with display of preview 5707 of item 5706-2, as shownin FIG. 8O. Thus, in these embodiments, previews of items 5706 are,optionally, scanned or scrolled while displayed at the larger size likepreviews of items 5706 are, optionally, scanned within frame 5702-2, asdescribed above with reference to FIGS. 8B-8D.

FIGS. 8P-8W illustrates an example of the user interfaces describedabove implemented on a device (e.g., device 100) with a touch screen112. FIG. 8P illustrates user interface 5730 for an applicationdisplayed on touch screen 112 of a device (e.g., device 100). Userinterface 5730 is, optionally, an interface for a content application,such as an image viewer application or a presentation application. Oneor more frames 5732 are displayed in user interface 5730. Each frame5732 in FIG. 8P corresponds to a set of multiple content items. Thecontent items are, for example, photos or individual slides in apresentation. A set of multiple content items are, optionally, a set ofphotos or a presentation with multiple slides. For example, frame 5732-1corresponds to content items 5734. Frame 5732-2 corresponds to contentitems 5736. Frame 5732-3 corresponds to content items 5738. Frame 5732-4corresponds to content items 5740.

For each frame 5732 in FIG. 8P, a preview (e.g., a thumbnail) of an itemfrom the corresponding set is, optionally, displayed in the respectiveframe. For example, preview 5737 of item 5736-1 is displayed in frame5732-2. Preview 5737 of item 5736-1 is, optionally, displayed at a sizethat fills up the entire frame 5732-2 (e.g., fill height or fill widthof frame 5732-2, depending on the aspect ratio of item 5736-1), with thepossibility that parts of preview 5737 of item 5736-1 are, optionally,cropped off by the boundaries of frame 5732-2.

Contact 5742 is detected on touch screen 112 over frame 5732-2. Inresponse to detection of contact 5742 over frame 5732-2, a preview modeis, optionally, activated for frame 5732-2, as shown in FIG. 8Q. Whilethe preview mode for frame 5732-2 is activated, previews of items 5736are, optionally, displayed in sequence, as described below. The previewsare, optionally, displayed to fill up frame 5732-2 (with cropping asneeded) or at their respective original aspect ratios (with letterboxingor pillarboxing as needed). Regardless of whether a preview is displayedto fill up frame 5732-2 or at the original aspect ratio, the size of thepreview is constrained by the size of frame 5732-2 (hereinafter “framesize” for convenience) as defined by the boundaries of frame 5732-2. Forexample, FIG. 8Q shows preview 5737 of item 5736-1 displayed in itsoriginal aspect ratio, at a size limited by the frame size.

While contact 5742 is located over frame 5732-2, contact 5742 moves 5744substantially (e.g., at most 20 degrees above or below the horizontal)laterally (e.g., from the right to the left, or vice versa) on touchscreen 112. In response to detection of the substantially lateralmovement of contact 5742, preview 5737 of item 536-2 is displayed at asize limited by the frame size, as shown in FIG. 8R. Item 536-2 is anext item from item 5736-1 within a sequence of items 5736. The sequenceof items is, optionally, ordered by any suitable criterion or criteria,such as chronologically based on the date/time the image was taken orlast modified, or alphabetically based on filename.

As contact 5742 continues to move laterally 5746, additional item(s) inthe sequence of items 5736 are displayed. For example, FIG. 8S showspreview 5737 of item 5736-3, which is a next item from item 5736-2 inthe sequence, displayed in frame 5732-2 in response to detection ofcontinued lateral movement 5744 of contact 5742. It should beappreciated that the “next” item described above is, optionally, aprevious or a subsequent item in the sequence of items, depending on thelateral direction of the movement of contact 5742 across frame 5732-2.

FIG. 8S also shows contact 5742 ceasing to substantially move on touchscreen 112. While contact 5742 is substantially stationary on touchscreen 112, an increase in the intensity of contact 5742 (e.g., from anintensity below IT_(L) to an intensity above IT_(D)) is detected, asshown in FIGS. 8S-8U. In response to detection of the increase inintensity of contact 5742, the size of preview 5737 of item 5736-3 isincreased to a size larger than the frame size, as shown in FIG. 8U.

While preview 5737 of item 5736-3 is displayed at the larger size, theintensity of contact 5742 is decreased (e.g., from an intensity aboveIT_(D) to an intensity below IT_(L)), as shown in FIG. 8U-8W. Inresponse to detection of the decrease in intensity of contact 5742, thesize of preview 5737 of item 5736-3 is decreased back to the earliersize that was limited by the frame size, as shown in FIG. 8W.

FIGS. 9A-9C are flow diagrams illustrating a method 5800 of previewingcontent in accordance with some embodiments. The method 5800 isperformed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portablemultifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a display and a touch-sensitivesurface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display andthe touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, thedisplay is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations inmethod 5800 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of someoperations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, the method 5800 provides an intuitive way to previewcontent. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user whenpreviewing content, thereby creating a more efficient human-machineinterface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user topreview content faster and more efficiently conserves power andincreases the time between battery charges.

The device displays (5802) a frame for previewing content, where theframe corresponds to a plurality of content items (e.g., digitalphotographs, videos, or other images). In some embodiments, the devicedisplays (5804) a plurality of frames for previewing content, where eachframe of the plurality of frames corresponds to a different plurality ofcontent items (e.g., each frame of the plurality of frames correspondsto an album or event including a plurality of photos or videos). Forexample, FIG. 8A shows frames 5702 displayed in user interface 5700.Frame 5702-1 corresponds to content items 5704. Frame 5702-2 correspondsto content items 5706. Frame 5702-3 corresponds to content items 5708.Frame 5702-4 corresponds to content items 5710. As another example, FIG.8P shows frames 5732 displayed in user interface 5730. Frame 5732-1corresponds to content items 5734. Frame 5732-2 corresponds to contentitems 5736. Frame 5732-3 corresponds to content items 5738. Frame 5732-4corresponds to content items 5740.

The device detects (5806) movement of a contact (e.g., a finger contact)across the touch-sensitive surface. FIGS. 8B-8D, for example, showsmovement 5715 and 5717 of contact 5716 detected on touch-sensitivesurface 451. FIGS. 8Q-8S shows movement 5744 and 5746 of contact 5742detected on touch screen 112. The device moves (5808) a focus selector(e.g., cursor 5712 in FIGS. 8A-8O or contact 5742 in FIGS. 8P-8W) acrossthe frame in accordance with the movement of the contact across thetouch-sensitive surface. In FIGS. 8B-8D, in response to movement 5715and 5717 of contact 5716 on touch-sensitive surface 451, cursor 5712,positioned over frame 5702-2, is moved across frame 5702-2 in accordancewith movement 5715 and 5717. In FIGS. 8Q-8S, in response to movement5744 and 5746 of contact 5742 on touch screen 112, contact 5742 isdetected as moving across frame 5732-2 in accordance with movement 5744and 5746. In FIGS. 8P-8Q, the position of contact 5742 on touch screen112 is an analogue to the position of a cursor on a separatetouch-sensitive surface.

The device sequentially displays (5810), in the frame, previews ofrespective content items in the plurality of content items in accordancewith the movement of the focus selector across the frame, wherein a sizeof the previews is constrained to a size of the frame (e.g., scanningthrough a chronologically organized set of photos from a beginning ofthe set to the end of the set where the left edge of the frame is mappedto the beginning of the set and the right side of the frame is mapped tothe end of the set). In FIGS. 8B-8D, previews 5707 of items 5706-1,5706-2 and 5706-3 are displayed in sequence in accordance with movementof cursor 5712 across frame 5702-2, where the sizes of previews 5707 islimited by the size of frame 5702-2. In FIGS. 8Q-8S, previews 5737 ofitems 5736-1, 5736-2 and 5736-3 are displayed in sequence in accordancewith movement of contact 5742 across frame 5732-2, where the sizes ofpreviews 5737 is limited by the size of frame 5732-2.

While a respective preview of a respective content item is displayed inthe frame at a first size, the device detects (5812) an increase inintensity of the contact. For example, in FIGS. 8E-8G, while preview5707 of item 5706-3 is displayed, an increase in the intensity ofcontact 5716 (e.g., from an intensity below IT_(L) in FIG. 8E to anintensity above IT_(D) in FIG. 8G) is detected. As another example, inFIG. 8S-8U, while preview 5737 of item 5736-3 is displayed, an increasein the intensity of contact 5742 (e.g., from an intensity below IT_(L)in FIG. 8S to an intensity above IT_(D) in FIG. 8U) is detected.

In response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact, thedevice increases (5814) the size of the respective preview to a secondsize larger than the size of the frame. FIG. 8G, for example, showspreview 5707 of item 5706-3 increased to a size larger than the size offrame 5702-2 in response to detection of the increase in the intensityof contact 5716 (e.g., from an intensity below IT_(L) in FIG. 8E to anintensity above IT_(D) in FIG. 8G). As another example, FIG. 8U showspreview 5737 of item 5736-3 increased to a size larger than the size offrame 5732-2 in response to detection of the increase in the intensityof contact 5742 (e.g., from an intensity below IT_(L) in FIG. 8S to anintensity above IT_(D) in FIG. 8U). While the frames in FIGS. 8B-8G andFIGS. 8Q-8U are shown as being substantially smaller than the display,in some situations the frames will be larger (e.g., a size correspondingto half or three quarters of the display) and the respective previewwill have a correspondingly larger size that is, in some circumstances,a “full size” of the content—sometimes called a “native resolution” ofthe content. In such situations, the first size will correspond to afull size of the content, while the second size will correspond to anenlarged or “zoomed in” size of the content that is larger than the“full size” of the content.

In some embodiments, increasing the size of the respective previewincludes (5816) displaying an animation of the respective previewincreasing in size in accordance with the intensity of the contact(e.g., the respective preview increases in size at a rate based on theintensity of the contact, or the respective preview is enlarged to asize corresponding to the current intensity of the contact). Forexample, the increase in the size of preview 5707 from FIG. 8E throughFIG. 8G is, optionally, animated, and the animation optionally followsthe increase in the intensity of contact 5716, as shown in FIGS. 8E-8G.

While displaying the respective preview at the second size, the devicedetects (5818) a decrease in intensity of the contact. For example, FIG.8H shows detection of a decrease in the intensity of contact 5716 (e.g.,from an intensity above IT_(D) in FIG. 8H to an intensity below IT_(L)in FIG. 8J) while preview 5707 of item 5706-3 is displayed at the largersize, and FIG. 8V shows detection of a decrease in the intensity ofcontact 5742 (e.g., from an intensity above IT_(D) in FIG. 8U to anintensity below IT_(L) in FIG. 8W) while preview 5737 of item 5736-3 isdisplayed at the larger size.

In some embodiments, the contact is (5820) a single unbroken contactfrom a point in time when the movement of the contact across thetouch-sensitive surface is detected to a point in time when the decreasein intensity of the contact is detected. For example, contact 5716 asdepicted in FIGS. 8B-8H, from detection of movement 5715 to detection ofthe decrease in the intensity of contact 5716, is unbroken. Contact 5742as depicted in FIGS. 8Q-8V, from detection of movement 5744 to detectionof the decrease in the intensity of contact 5742, is unbroken.

In some embodiments, detecting the decrease in intensity of the contactincludes (5822) detecting liftoff of the contact. For example, FIGS. 8Hand 8K-8L show a liftoff of contact 5716 detected as a decrease in theintensity of contact 5716, and in response decreasing the size ofpreview 5707 of item 5706-3.

In some embodiments, detecting the decrease in intensity of the contactincludes (5824) detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact whilecontinuing to detect the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. FIGS.8H-8J, for example, shows detection of the decrease in the intensity ofcontact 5716 (e.g., from an intensity above IT_(D) in FIG. 8H to anintensity below IT_(L) in FIG. 8J) while contact 5716 continues to bedetected on touch-sensitive surface 451. FIGS. 8U-8W shows detection ofthe decrease in the intensity of contact 5742 (e.g., from an intensityabove IT_(D) in FIG. 8U to an intensity below IT_(L) in FIG. 8W) whilecontact 5742 continues to be detected on touch screen 112.

In response to detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, thedevice reduces (5826) the size of the respective preview to the firstsize. For example, FIG. 8J shows preview 5707 of item 5706-3 reducedback to the size limited by the size of frame 5702-2 in response todetection of the decrease in intensity of contact 5716, and FIG. 8Wshows preview 5737 of item 5736-3 reduced back to the size limited bythe size of frame 5732-2 in response to detection of the decrease inintensity of contact 5742.

In some embodiments, reducing the size of the respective previewincludes (5828) displaying an animation of the respective previewdecreasing in size in accordance with the intensity of the contact(e.g., the respective preview decreases in size at a rate based on theintensity of the contact, or the respective preview shrinks to a sizecorresponding to the current intensity of the contact). For example, thedecrease in the size of preview 5707 from FIG. 8H through FIG. 8J is,optionally, animated, and the animation optionally follows the decreasein the intensity of contact 5716.

In some embodiments, the device detects (5830) additional movement ofthe contact corresponding to lateral movement of the focus selector onthe display. For example, while cursor 5712 is positioned over frame5702-2, contact 5716 optionally moves laterally, as in movement 5717 or5718, as shown in FIGS. 8B-8D, 8M-8N.

In response (5832) to detecting the additional movement of the contact,in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displayingthe respective preview at the first size (e.g., while the contact isbelow a respective intensity threshold), the device ceases (5834) todisplay the respective preview and sequentially displays, at the firstsize, previews of respective content items in the plurality of contentitems in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across theframe. For example, when cursor 5712 is moved across frame 5702-2 whilepreview 5707 of an item 5706 is displayed at a size limited by the framesize, previews of other items 5706 are displayed sequentially, as in thesequential display of previews of items 5706-1, 5706-2 and 5706-3 shownin FIGS. 8B-8D.

In contrast, in accordance with detecting the additional movement whiledisplaying the respective preview at the second size (e.g., while thecontact is above a respective intensity threshold), the device maintains(5836) display of the respective preview on the display. For example,when cursor 5712 is moved across frame 5702-2, in accordance withmovement 5718 of contact 5716, while preview 5707 of item 5706-3 isdisplayed at the larger size (FIG. 8M), display of preview 5707 at thelarger size is, optionally, maintained, as shown in FIG. 8N.

Alternatively, in accordance with detecting the additional movementwhile displaying the respective preview at the second size (e.g., whilethe contact is above a respective intensity threshold), the deviceceases (5838) to display the respective preview and sequentiallydisplays, at the second size, previews of respective content items inthe plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of thefocus selector across a region of the display corresponding to the frame(e.g., a region of the display that where the focus selector wasdisplayed prior to the respective preview being enlarged to the secondsize). For example, in accordance with movement 5718 of contact 5716,preview 5707 of previous or subsequent items in the sequence, such asitem 5706-2, is, optionally, displayed at the larger size, as shown inFIG. 8O.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 9A-9C have been described is merely exemplary and isnot intended to indicate that the described order is the only order inwhich the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,those listed in paragraph [0043]) are also applicable in an analogousmanner to method 5800 described above with respect to FIGS. 9A-9C. Forexample, the contacts, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, animationsdescribed above with reference to method 5800 optionally have one ormore of the characteristics of the contacts, intensity thresholds, focusselectors, animations described herein with reference to other methodsdescribed herein (e.g., those listed in paragraph [0043]). For brevity,these details are not repeated here.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 10 shows a functional blockdiagram of an electronic device 5900 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or acombination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 10 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 10, an electronic device 5900 includes a display unit5902 configured to display a frame for previewing content, wherein theframe corresponds to a plurality of content items; a touch-sensitivesurface unit 5904 configured to receive contacts; one or more sensorunits 5905 configured to detect intensity of contacts with thetouch-sensitive surface unit 5904; and a processing unit 5906 coupled tothe display unit 5902, the touch-sensitive surface unit 5904, and thesensor units 5905. In some embodiments, the processing unit 5906includes a detecting unit 5908, a moving unit 5910, a display enablingunit 5912, an increasing unit 5914, a reducing unit 5916, a ceasing unit5918, and a maintaining unit 5920.

The processing unit 5906 is configured to detect movement of a contactacross the touch-sensitive surface unit 5904 (e.g., with the detectingunit 5908); move a focus selector across the frame in accordance withthe movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit 5904(e.g., with the moving unit 5910); enable sequential display of, in theframe, previews of respective content items in the plurality of contentitems in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across theframe, wherein a size of the previews is constrained to a size of theframe (e.g., with the display enabling unit 5912); while a respectivepreview of a respective content item is displayed in the frame at afirst size, detect an increase in intensity of the contact (e.g., withthe detecting unit 5908); in response to detecting the increase inintensity of the contact, increase the size of the respective preview toa second size larger than the size of the frame (e.g., with theincreasing unit 5914); while displaying the respective preview at thesecond size, detect a decrease in intensity of the contact (e.g., withthe detecting unit 5908); and in response to detecting the decrease inintensity of the contact, reduce the size of the respective preview tothe first size (e.g., with the reducing unit 5916).

In some embodiments, the contact is a single unbroken contact from apoint in time when the movement of the contact across thetouch-sensitive surface unit 5904 is detected to a point in time whenthe decrease in intensity of the contact is detected.

In some embodiments, detecting the decrease in intensity of the contactincludes detecting liftoff of the contact.

In some embodiments, detecting the decrease in intensity of the contactincludes detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact whilecontinuing to detect the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit5904.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 5906 is configured to enabledisplay of a plurality of frames for previewing content, wherein eachframe of the plurality of frames corresponds to a different plurality ofcontent items (e.g., with the display enabling unit 5912).

In some embodiments, increasing the size of the respective previewincludes displaying an animation of the respective preview increasing insize in accordance with the intensity of the contact.

In some embodiments, reducing the size of the respective previewincludes displaying an animation of the respective preview decreasing insize in accordance with the intensity of the contact.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 5906 is configured to: detectadditional movement of the contact corresponding to lateral movement ofthe focus selector on the display unit 5902 (e.g., with the detectingunit 5908); and in response to detecting the additional movement of thecontact: in accordance with detecting the additional movement whiledisplaying the respective preview at the first size, cease to displaythe respective preview (e.g., with ceasing unit 5918) and enablesequential display of, at the first size, previews of respective contentitems in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movementof the focus selector across the frame (e.g., with the display enablingunit 5912); and in accordance with detecting the additional movementwhile displaying the respective preview at the second size, maintaindisplay of the respective preview on the display (with the maintainingunit 5920).

In some embodiments, the processing unit 5906 is configured to: detectadditional movement of the contact corresponding to lateral movement ofthe focus selector on the display unit 5902 (e.g., with the detectingunit 5908); and in response to detecting the additional movement of thecontact: in accordance with detecting the additional movement whiledisplaying the respective preview at the first size, cease to displaythe respective preview (e.g., with ceasing unit 5918) and enablesequential display of, at the first size, previews of respective contentitems in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movementof the focus selector across the frame (e.g., with the display enablingunit 5912); and in accordance with detecting the additional movementwhile displaying the respective preview at the second size, cease todisplay the respective preview (e.g., with ceasing unit 5918) and enablesequential display of, at the second size, previews of respectivecontent items in the plurality of content items in accordance with themovement of the focus selector across a region of the display unit 5902corresponding to the frame (e.g., with the display enabling unit 5912).

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules ininformation processing apparatus such as general purpose processors(e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 1A and 3) or applicationspecific chips.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 9A-9C are,optionally implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B or FIG. 10.For example, detection operations 5806, 5812, and 5818, moving operation5808, displaying operation 5810, increasing operation 5814, and reducingoperation 5826 are, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, eventrecognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter170 detects a contact on touch screen 112, and event dispatcher module174 delivers the event information to application 136-1. A respectiveevent recognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the event informationto respective event definitions 186, and determines whether a firstcontact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whetherrotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event,such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of thedevice from one orientation to another. When a respective predefinedevent or sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180 activates an eventhandler 190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event.Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater 176 orobject updater 177 to update the application internal state 192. In someembodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respective GUI updater 178 toupdate what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would beclear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processescan be implemented based on the components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application

At any one time, a user may have multiple windows for any oneapplication opened, and not all of them are displayed. Some of thesewindows or documents are, optionally, minimized or hidden by otherwindows. Further, an application may have a recently opened documentshistory. In some methods, a user keeps track of the multiple windows bylooking at a taskbar or opening a task list, both of which are,optionally, hidden at first. To look at a recently opened documentshistory for an application, the user has to open the application. Thesemethods add additional steps for the user. The embodiments describedbelow improve on these methods by providing a more efficient way toreview currently opened windows and a history of recently openeddocuments. The user moves a focus selector over an application iconcorresponding to the desired application and performs a gesture with acontact with an intensity that peaks above a threshold. In response,reduced-scale representations of currently opened windows for theapplication or of recently opened documents are displayed. Thus, theuser is able to get a glance of currently opened windows and recentlyopened documents.

FIGS. 11A-11P illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying userinterface objects corresponding to an application in accordance withsome embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used toillustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIGS. 12A-12B. FIGS. 11A-11P include intensity diagrams that show thecurrent intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relativeto a plurality of intensity thresholds including a light press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) and a deep press intensity threshold (e.g.,“IT_(D)”). In some embodiments, operations similar to those describedbelow with reference to “IT_(D)” are performed with reference to “adifferent intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”).

FIG. 11A illustrates user interface 6000 (e.g., a graphical userinterface desktop) displayed on display 450 (e.g., display 340) of adevice (e.g., device 300). User interface 6000 includes one or moreapplication icons 6002 displayed in predefined region 6004 (e.g., anapplication launch icon tray/dock/springboard) in user interface 6000.Each of application icons 6002 corresponds to a respective application.For example, application icon 6002-2 corresponds to the application “App2,” and application icon 6002-1 corresponds to the application “App 1.”Cursor 6006 (for example, a mouse pointer) is also displayed in userinterface 6000. Cursor 6006 is an example of a focus selector.

In FIG. 11A, a gesture that includes a press input that corresponds toan increase in intensity of contact 6008 from an intensity below a lightpress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) to an intensity above thelight press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) is detected ontouch-sensitive surface 451 (e.g., touchpad 355, FIG. 3) of the devicewhile cursor 6006 is displayed over application icon 6002-2. One or moresensors for detecting the intensity of contacts on touch-sensitivesurface 451 determine that the maximum intensity of contact 6008 duringthe press input is below a deep press intensity threshold (e.g.,“IT_(D)”). The gesture ends with a reduction in intensity of contact6008 below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”), asshown in FIG. 11B. In some circumstances, the gesture ends with aliftoff of contact 6008.

In response to the detection of the gesture, and in accordance withcontact 6008 having a maximum intensity below the deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”), application window 6010 of App 2 isdisplayed when the end of the gesture is detected, as shown in FIG. 11B.Application window 6010 corresponds to application App 2, whichcorresponds to application icon 6002-2. Application window 6010 is,optionally, a new application window for App 2 (e.g., App 2 had no openwindows when the end of the gesture that is performed with contact 6008is detected, and thus a new application window is opened).

FIG. 11C illustrates application icons 6002, cursor 6006, etc. displayedin user interface 6000, as in FIG. 11A. A gesture that includes a pressinput that corresponds to an increase in intensity of contact 6012 froman intensity below a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) toan intensity above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”)is detected on touch-sensitive surface 451 while cursor 6006 isdisplayed over application icon 6002-2. The sensors for detecting theintensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface 451 determine that theintensity of contact 6012 during the press input goes above the deeppress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”). The gesture ends with areduction in intensity of contact 6012 below the light press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”), as shown in FIG. 11D. In some circumstances,the gesture ends with a liftoff of contact 6012. In response to thedetection of gesture, and in accordance with contact 6012 having anintensity that goes above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g.,“IT_(D)”) during the gesture, one or more user interface objectscorresponding to App 2 are displayed when the end of the gesture isdetected. In some embodiments, the user interface objects arereduced-scale representations 6014 (e.g., thumbnails) of currently open(doesn't have to be currently displayed) application windows for App 2,as shown in FIG. 11D. The user optionally moves cursor 6006 to aposition over one of these reduced-scale representations 6014 andperform a gesture (for example, a tap gesture) on touch-sensitivesurface 451 to select the reduced-scale representation 6014 over whichcursor 6006 is positioned. In response to the detection of that gesturecorresponding to selection of one of the reduced-scale representations6014, the application window corresponding to the selected reduced-scalerepresentation is displayed on display 450.

In some embodiments, the user interface objects that are displayed inaccordance with the contact having an intensity that was above thepredefined threshold are reduced-scale representations of recentlyopened documents for the application, instead of reduced-scalerepresentations of currently open application windows such asrepresentations 6014. As used herein, documents include images, textdocuments, word processor documents, spreadsheets, presentations,drawings, video clips, audio clips, and so on. Also, in someembodiments, the user interface objects are, optionally, displayedduring the gesture, while the contact is still detected ontouch-sensitive surface 451, instead of being displayed when the end ofthe gesture is detected (with liftoff of the contact or a reduction inintensity of the contact below IT_(L)), as in FIG. 11D. For example,FIG. 11E illustrates application icons 6002, cursor 6006, etc. displayedin user interface 6000, as in FIG. 11A. FIGS. 11E-11H illustratedetection of a gesture that includes a press input that corresponds toan increase in intensity of contact 6016 from an intensity below a lightpress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) in FIG. 11E to an intensityabove a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) in FIG. 11H. Thegesture performed with contact 6016 is detected on touch-sensitivesurface 451 while cursor 6006 is displayed over application icon 6002-2corresponding to App 2. The sensors for detecting the intensity ofcontacts on touch-sensitive surface 451 determine that the intensity ofcontact 6016 peaked above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g.,“IT_(D)”). Contact 6016 is maintained on touch-sensitive surface 451. Inresponse to the detection of the gesture, and in accordance with contact6016 having an intensity that goes above the deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) during the gesture, reduced-scalerepresentations 6018 (e.g., thumbnails) of recently opened documents forApp 2 are displayed, as shown in FIGS. 11F-11H.

In some embodiments, the display of representations 6018 includes ananimation. For example, initially representation 6018-1 is displayed inproximity of application icon 6002-2, as shown in FIG. 11F. As theanimation proceeds, representation 6018-1 moves upward andrepresentation 6018-2 is displayed in proximity of application icon6002-2, as shown in FIG. 11G. Then representations 6018-1 moves upward,6018-2 move upward toward representation 6018-1, and representation6018-3 is displayed in proximity of application icon 6002-2, as shown inFIG. 11H. Representations 6018-1 thru 6018-3 form an array above icon6002-2. In some embodiments, the animation progresses in accordance withan intensity of contact 6016, as shown in FIGS. 11F-11G, where therepresentations 6018 appear and move upwards as the intensity of contact6016 increases toward the deep press intensity threshold (e.g.,“IT_(D)”).

The user optionally moves cursor 6006 to a position over one of thesereduced-scale representations 6018 and performs a gesture (for example,a tap gesture) on touch-sensitive surface 451 to select thereduced-scale representation 6018 over which cursor 6006 is positioned.In response to that gesture, the document corresponding to the selectedrepresentation 6018 is opened and displayed on display 450 in anapplication window for App 2 (the application corresponding to icon6002-2).

In some embodiments, user interface objects corresponding to anapplication, such as reduced-scale representations of applicationwindows or recently opened documents, are, optionally, displayed inpredefined region 6004 (e.g., an application launch region such as anapplication dock). FIGS. 11I-11L illustrate detection of a gesture thatincludes a press input that corresponds to an increase in intensity ofcontact 6020 from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold(e.g., “IT_(L)”) in FIG. 11I to an intensity above a deep pressintensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) in FIG. 11L. The gesture performedwith contact 6020 is detected on touch-sensitive surface 451 whilecursor 6006 is displayed over application icon 6002-2 corresponding toApp 2. The sensors for detecting the intensity of contacts ontouch-sensitive surface 451 determine that the intensity of contact 6020peaked above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”).Contact 6020 is maintained on touch-sensitive surface 451. In responseto the detection of the gesture, and in accordance with contact 6020having an intensity that goes above the deep press intensity threshold(e.g., “IT_(D)”) during the gesture, reduced-scale representations 6022(e.g., thumbnails) of recently opened documents for App 2 are displayed,as shown in FIGS. 11J-11L.

In some embodiments, the display of representations 6022 includes ananimation. For example, icons 6002 are animated in a way that give anillusion of shifting backwards into display 450. With icons 6002 shiftedbackward, representation 6022-4 is displayed in predefined region 6004in proximity of application icon 6002-2, as shown in FIG. 11J. As theanimation proceeds, representation 6022-4 moves toward the right end ofpredefined region 6004 and representation 6022-3 is displayed inpredefined region 6004 in proximity of application icon 6002-2, as shownin FIG. 11K. Then representations 6022-3 moves toward representation6022-4, and the other representations 6022-2 and 6022-1 are displayed inpredefined region 6004 in a similar manner. The animation ends withrepresentations 6022 displayed in region 6004 in front of applicationicons 6002, as shown in FIG. 11L. In some embodiments, the animationprogresses in accordance with an intensity of contact 6020, as shown inFIGS. 11I-11L, where the representations 6022 appear and move along thepredefined region 6004 as the intensity of contact 6016 increases towardthe deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”).

It should be appreciated that the ways in which the user interfaceobjects are displayed, as described above with reference to FIGS.11A-11L, are merely exemplary. The user interface objects are,optionally, displayed in other sizes, positions, and so on.

FIGS. 11M-11P illustrate an example of the user interfaces describedabove, with reference to FIGS. 11A-11L, implemented on a device (e.g.,device 100) with a touch-sensitive display (e.g., touch screen 112).FIG. 11M illustrates user interface 6030 (e.g., a graphical userinterface desktop) displayed on touch screen 112 of a device (e.g.,device 100). User interface 6030 includes one or more application icons6032 displayed in predefined region 6034 (e.g., an application launchicon tray/dock/springboard) in user interface 6030. In some embodiments,each of application icons 6034 corresponds to a respective application.For example, application icon 6032-2 corresponds to the application “App2,” and application icon 6032-1 corresponds to the application “App 1.”

In FIG. 11M, a gesture that includes a press input that corresponds toan increase in intensity of contact 6038 from an intensity below a lightpress intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) to an intensity above thelight press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(L)”) is detected ontouch-sensitive display 112 of the device at a location corresponding toapplication icon 6032-2. One or more sensors for detecting the intensityof contacts on touch-sensitive display 112 determine that the maximumintensity of contact 6038 during the press input is below the deep pressintensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”). The gesture ends with a reductionin intensity of contact 6038 below the light press intensity threshold(e.g., “IT_(L)”), as shown in FIG. 11N. In some circumstances, thegesture ends with a liftoff of contact 6038.

In response to the detection of the gesture, and in accordance withcontact 6038 having a maximum intensity below the deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”), application window 6040 of App 2 isdisplayed when the end of the gesture is detected. Application window6040 corresponds to application App 2, which corresponds to applicationicon 6032-2. Application window 6040 is, optionally, a new applicationwindow for App 2 (e.g., App 2 had no open windows when the end of thegesture performed with contact 6038 is detected, and thus a newapplication window is opened).

FIG. 11O illustrates application icons 6032, etc. displayed in userinterface 6030, as in FIG. 11M. A gesture that includes a press inputthat corresponds to an increase in intensity of contact 6042 from anintensity below a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) to anintensity above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) isdetected on touch-sensitive display 112 at a location corresponding toapplication icon 6032-2. The sensors for detecting the intensity ofcontacts on touch-sensitive display 112 determine that the intensity ofcontact 6042 during the press input goes above the deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”). The gesture ends with a reduction inintensity of contact 6042 below the light press intensity threshold(e.g., “IT_(L)”), as shown in FIG. 11P. In some circumstances, thegesture ends with a liftoff of contact 6042.

In response to the detection of gesture, and in accordance with contact6042 having an intensity that goes above the deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) during the gesture, one or more userinterface objects corresponding to App 2 are displayed when the end ofthe gesture is detected. In some embodiments, the user interface objectsare reduced-scale representations 6044 (e.g., thumbnails) of currentlyopen (doesn't have to be currently displayed) application windows forApp 2, as shown in FIG. 11P. The user optionally performs a gesture(e.g., a tap gesture) on touch-sensitive display 112 at a locationcorresponding to one of these reduced-scale representations 6044 toselect the reduced-scale representation 6044 over which the gesture isperformed. In response to the detection of that gesture corresponding toselection of one of the reduced-scale representations 6044, theapplication window corresponding to the selected reduced-scalerepresentation is displayed on touch-sensitive display 112.

FIGS. 12A-12B are flow diagrams illustrating a method 6100 of displayinguser interface objects corresponding to an application in accordancewith some embodiments. The method 6100 is performed at an electronicdevice (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100,FIG. 1A) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In someembodiments, the display is a touch screen display and thetouch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, thedisplay is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations inmethod 6100 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of someoperations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, the method 6100 provides an intuitive way to displayuser interface objects corresponding to an application. The methodreduces the cognitive burden on a user when displaying user interfaceobjects corresponding to an application, thereby creating a moreefficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronicdevices, enabling a user to display user interface objects correspondingto an application faster and more efficiently conserves power andincreases the time between battery charges.

The device displays (6102) a plurality of application icons, where theplurality of application icons includes a respective application iconcorresponding to a respective application. FIGS. 11A-11L show, forexample, application icons 6002 displayed on display 450. Applicationicon 6002-2 corresponds to application “App 2.” As another example,FIGS. 11M-11P show application icons 6032 displayed on touch-sensitivedisplay 112. Application icon 6032-2 corresponds to application “App 2.”

While a focus selector (e.g., cursor 6006 in FIG. 11A or contact 6038 inFIG. 11M) is over the respective application icon, the device detects(6104) a gesture that includes a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on thetouch-sensitive surface. As shown in FIG. 11A, for example, a gesturethat includes contact 6008 is detected on touch-sensitive surface 451while cursor 6006 is over application icon 6002-2. As another example,in FIG. 11C, a gesture that includes contact 6012 is detected ontouch-sensitive surface 451 while cursor 6006 is over application icon6002-2. In FIG. 11M, a gesture that includes contact 6038 is detected ontouch-sensitive display 112 at a location over application icon 6032-2.

In response to detecting the gesture (6106), in accordance with adetermination that the contact had a maximum intensity during thegesture that was below a respective intensity threshold (e.g.,“IT_(D)”), the device displays (6108) an application window of therespective application. For example, in FIG. 11A, contact 6008 isdetermined to have a maximum intensity during the gesture that is belowthe deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”). In accordance withthat determination, in response to detecting the gesture performed withcontact 6008, application window 6010 of App 2 is displayed, as shown inFIG. 11B. In some embodiments, the application window is a newapplication window that was not displayed on the display prior todetecting the contact (e.g., the new application window was notdisplayed on the display immediately prior to detecting the contact)(6110). For example, the new application window is an application windowthat was created by the application in response to detecting thegesture. For example, when a user opens a web browser, a new browserwindow is typically opened. Similarly, when a user opens a wordprocessing application, a blank word processing document is typicallyopened. As another example, when a user requests that an image beopened, a new window including the image is typically opened. Forexample, application window 6010 (FIG. 11B) or 6040 (FIG. 11N) is,optionally, new application window if there were no open (displayed ornot) windows for App 2 prior to detection of the gesture performed withcontact 6008 or 6038, respectively.

In contrast, in accordance with a determination that the contact reachedan intensity during the gesture that was above the respective intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”), the device displays (6112) a plurality ofuser interface objects that correspond to the respective application. InFIG. 11C, the intensity of contact 6012 is determined to have reachedabove the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) during thegesture. In accordance with that determination, in response to detectingthe gesture performed with contact 6012, one or more user interfaceobjects corresponding to App 2 (e.g., reduced-scale representations 6014of application windows for App 2) are displayed, as shown in FIG. 11D.As another example, reduced-scale representations 6018 (FIG. 11H) or6022 (FIG. 11L) of recently opened documents for App 2 are also examplesof user interface objects displayed in response to detection of agesture that includes a contact (e.g., contact 6016, FIG. 11E; contact6020, FIG. 11I) with an intensity that goes above the deep pressintensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”).

As another example, in FIG. 11M, contact 6038 is determined to have amaximum intensity during the gesture that is below deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”). In accordance with that determination, inresponse to detecting the gesture performed with contact 6038,application window 6040 of App 2 is displayed, as shown in FIG. 11N. InFIG. 11O, the intensity of contact 6042 is determined to have reachedabove the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_(D)”) during thegesture. In accordance with that determination, in response to detectingthe gesture performed with contact 6042, one or more user interfaceobjects corresponding to App 2 (e.g., reduced-scale representations 6044of application windows for App 2) are displayed, as shown in FIG. 11P.

In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects includes(6114) reduced-scale representations of currently open applicationwindows for the application. (e.g., thumbnail images of the currentlyopen application windows). For example, the user interface objectsdisplayed in response to the detection of the gesture performed withcontact 6012 are reduced-scale representations 6014 of currently openapplication windows for App 2 (FIG. 11D). As another example, the userinterface objects displayed in response to the detection of the gestureperformed with contact 6042 are reduced-scale representations 6044 ofcurrently open application windows for App 2 (FIG. 11P). In someembodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include (6116)reduced-scale representations of recently opened documents for therespective application. (e.g., thumbnails of the first page or thecurrent page of the recently opened documents). For example, the userinterface objects displayed in response to the detection of the gestureperformed with contact 6016 are reduced-scale representations 6018 ofrecently opened documents for App 2 (FIG. 11H).

In some embodiments, the plurality of application icons are displayed(6118) in a predefined region of the display (e.g., an applicationlaunch icon tray/dock/springboard) prior to detecting the gesture, andthe plurality of user interface objects are displayed in the predefinedregion of the display. Application icons 6002 in FIGS. 11I-11L, forexample, are displayed in predefined region 6004 prior to detection of acontact on touch-sensitive surface 451, and the user interface objectsthat correspond to the respective application (for example,representations 6022, FIG. 11L) are, optionally, displayed in predefinedregion 6004 as well. In some embodiments, the plurality of userinterface objects are displayed (6120) in front of and at leastpartially overlapping one or more of the plurality of application iconsin the predefined region of the display. For example, reduced-scalerepresentations 6022 that correspond to the respective application(e.g., App 2 in FIG. 11L) are displayed in front of and partiallyoverlapping application icons 6002.

In some embodiments, displaying the plurality of user interface objectscorresponding to the respective application includes (6122) displayingan animation of the plurality of application icons shifting backwardinto the display (e.g., show the plurality of application icons gettingsmaller with a change in shading and position to provide the illusionthat the application icons are moving backward into the display), anddisplaying the plurality of user interface objects corresponding to therespective application in a location on the display previously occupiedby the plurality of application icons (e.g., display the user interfaceobjects in front of the plurality of application icons). For example,FIGS. 11J-11L show instances in an animation of application icons 6002shifting backwards and representations 6022 being displayed in the areathat were occupied by application icons 6002.

In some embodiments, displaying the plurality of user interface objectscorresponding to the respective application includes (6124), for arespective user interface object associated with the respectiveapplication, initially displaying the respective user interface objectat a location proximate to the respective application icon (e.g., therespective user interface object appears near the respective applicationicon), and after initially displaying the respective user interfaceobject, displaying an animation of the respective user interface objectmoving from the location proximate to the respective application icon toa location proximate to another user interface object in the pluralityof user interface objects (e.g., after appearing near the respectiveapplication icon, the respective user interface object moves towardsother previously displayed user interface objects). For example,successive thumbnails of recently opened documents appear near theapplication icon for the application to which they correspond and thenmove (e.g., fly over) to form an array of thumbnails in a predefinedregion of the display (e.g., the dock). For example, FIG. 11K showsrepresentation 6022-3 displayed near application icon 6002-2.Representation 6022-3 moves toward representation 6022-4 and ends upnear representation 6022-4, as shown in FIG. 11L.

In some embodiments, the application window of the respectiveapplication is displayed (6126) when an end of the gesture is detected(e.g., the application window is initially displayed immediately afterdetecting liftoff of the contact), and the plurality of user interfaceobjects corresponding to the respective application are displayed duringthe gesture in response to detecting that the intensity of the contactexceeds the respective intensity threshold (e.g., the plurality ofobjects are initially displayed while still detecting the contact on thetouch-sensitive surface). For example, application window 6010 in FIG.11B is, optionally, displayed when contact 6008 is lifted off, andrepresentations 6018 are displayed while contact 6016 is still detectedon touch-sensitive surface 451 as shown in FIG. 11H.

In some embodiments, the application window of the respectiveapplication is displayed (6128) when an end of the gesture is detected(e.g., the application window is initially displayed immediately afterdetecting liftoff of the contact), and the plurality of user interfaceobjects corresponding to the respective application are displayed whenthe end of the gesture is detected (e.g., the plurality of objects isinitially displayed immediately after detecting liftoff of the contact).For example, application window 6010 in FIG. 11B is, optionally,displayed when contact 6008 is lifted off, and representations 6014 inFIG. 11D are, optionally, displayed when liftoff of contact 6012 isdetected.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 12A-12B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,those listed in paragraph [0043]) are also applicable in an analogousmanner to method 6100 described above with respect to FIGS. 12A-12B. Forexample, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensitythresholds, focus selectors, animations described above with referenceto method 6100 optionally has one or more of the characteristics of thecontacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, focusselectors, animations described herein with reference to other methodsdescribed herein (e.g., those listed in paragraph [0043]). For brevity,these details are not repeated here.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 13 shows a functional blockdiagram of an electronic device 6200 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or acombination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 13 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 13, an electronic device 6200 includes a display unit6202 configured to display a plurality of application icons, where theplurality of application icons include a respective application iconcorresponding to a respective application; a touch-sensitive surfaceunit 6204 configured to receive gestures including contacts; one or moresensor units 6205 configured to detect intensity of contacts with thetouch-sensitive surface unit 6204; and a processing unit 6206 coupled tothe display unit 6202, the touch-sensitive surface unit 6204 and thesensor units 6205. In some embodiments, the processing unit 6206includes a detecting unit 6208, and a display enabling unit 6210.

The processing unit 6206 is configured to: while a focus selector isover the respective application icon, detect a gesture that includes acontact on the touch-sensitive surface unit 6204 (e.g., with thedetecting unit 6208); and in response to detecting the gesture: inaccordance with a determination that the contact had a maximum intensityduring the gesture that was below a respective intensity threshold,enable display of an application window of the respective application(e.g., with the display enabling unit 6210); and in accordance with adetermination that the contact reached an intensity during the gesturethat was above the respective intensity threshold, enable display of aplurality of user interface objects that correspond to the respectiveapplication (e.g., with the display enabling unit 6210).

In some embodiments, the application window of the respectiveapplication is displayed when an end of the gesture is detected; and theplurality of user interface objects corresponding to the respectiveapplication are displayed during the gesture in response to detectingthat the intensity of the contact exceeds the respective intensitythreshold.

In some embodiments, the application window of the respectiveapplication is displayed when an end of the gesture is detected; and theplurality of user interface objects corresponding to the respectiveapplication are displayed when the end of the gesture is detected.

In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects includesreduced-scale representations of currently open application windows forthe application.

In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects includesreduced-scale representations of recently opened documents for therespective application.

In some embodiments, the plurality of application icons are displayed ina predefined region of the display unit 6202 prior to detecting thegesture; and the plurality of user interface objects are displayed inthe predefined region of the display unit 6202.

In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects aredisplayed in front of and at least partially overlapping one or more ofthe plurality of application icons in the predefined region of thedisplay unit 6202.

In some embodiments, enabling display of the plurality of user interfaceobjects corresponding to the respective application includes: enablingdisplay of an animation of the plurality of application icons shiftingbackward into the display unit 6202 (e.g., with the display enablingunit 6210); and enabling display of the plurality of user interfaceobjects corresponding to the respective application in a location on thedisplay unit 6202 previously occupied by the plurality of applicationicons (e.g., with the display enabling unit 6210).

In some embodiments, enabling display of the plurality of user interfaceobjects corresponding to the respective application includes, for arespective user interface object associated with the respectiveapplication: initially enabling display of the respective user interfaceobject at a location proximate to the respective application icon (e.g.,with the display enabling unit 6210); and after initially enablingdisplay of the respective user interface object, enabling display of ananimation of the respective user interface object moving from thelocation proximate to the respective application icon to a locationproximate to another user interface object in the plurality of userinterface objects (e.g., with the display enabling unit 6210).

In some embodiments, the application window is a new application windowthat was not displayed on the display unit 6202 prior to detecting thecontact.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules ininformation processing apparatus such as general purpose processors(e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 1A and 3) or applicationspecific chips.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 6A-6B are,optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B or FIG.13. For example, detection operation 6104, and displaying operations6108 and 6112 are, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, eventrecognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display 112, and eventdispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to application136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 comparesthe event information to respective event definitions 186, anddetermines whether a first contact at a first location on thetouch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event,such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respectivepredefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180activates an event handler 190 associated with the detection of theevent or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls dataupdater 176 or object updater 177 to update the application internalstate 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respectiveGUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by the application.Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in theart how other processes can be implemented based on the componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations have been described above is merely exemplary and is notintended to indicate that the described order is the only order in whichthe operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the artwould recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein.Additionally, it should be noted that the various processes separatelydescribed herein (e.g., those listed in paragraph [0043]) can becombined with each other in different arrangements. For example, thecontacts, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensitythresholds, and/or focus selectors described above with reference to anyone of the various processes separately described herein (e.g., thoselisted in paragraph [0043]) optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects,tactile sensations, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors describedherein with reference to one or more of the other methods describedherein (e.g., those listed in paragraph [0043]). For brevity, all of thevarious possible combinations are not specifically enumerated here, butit should be understood that the claims described above may be combinedin any way that is not precluded by mutually exclusive claim features.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific embodiments. However, theillustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the various described embodiments to the precise forms disclosed.Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the aboveteachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to bestexplain the principles of the various described embodiments and theirpractical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art tobest utilize the various described embodiments with variousmodifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface and a display, wherein the device includes one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface: displaying a frame for previewing content, wherein the frame corresponds to a plurality of content items; detecting movement of a contact across the touch-sensitive surface; moving a focus selector across the frame in accordance with the movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface; sequentially displaying, in the frame, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across the frame, wherein a size of the previews is constrained to a size of the frame; while a respective preview of a respective content item is displayed in the frame at a first size, detecting an increase in intensity of the contact; in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact, increasing the size of the respective preview to a second size larger than the size of the frame; while displaying the respective preview at the second size, detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact; and in response to detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, reducing the size of the respective preview to the first size.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the contact is a single unbroken contact from a point in time when the movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface is detected to a point in time when the decrease in intensity of the contact is detected.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact includes detecting liftoff of the contact.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact includes detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact while continuing to detect the contact on the touch-sensitive surface.
 5. The method of claim 1, including displaying a plurality of frames for previewing content, wherein each frame of the plurality of frames corresponds to a different plurality of content items.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein increasing the size of the respective preview includes displaying an animation of the respective preview increasing in size in accordance with the intensity of the contact.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein reducing the size of the respective preview includes displaying an animation of the respective preview decreasing in size in accordance with the intensity of the contact.
 8. The method of claim 1, including: detecting additional movement of the contact corresponding to lateral movement of the focus selector on the display; and, in response to detecting the additional movement of the contact: in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the first size, ceasing to display the respective preview and sequentially displaying, at the first size, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across the frame; and, in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the second size, maintaining display of the respective preview on the display.
 9. The method of claim 1, including: detecting additional movement of the contact corresponding to lateral movement of the focus selector on the display; and, in response to detecting the additional movement of the contact: in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the first size, ceasing to display the respective preview and sequentially displaying, at the first size, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across the frame; and, in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the second size, ceasing to display the respective preview and sequentially displaying, at the second size, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across a region of the display corresponding to the frame.
 10. An electronic device, comprising: a display; a touch-sensitive surface; one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying a frame for previewing content, wherein the frame corresponds to a plurality of content items; detecting movement of a contact across the touch-sensitive surface; moving a focus selector across the frame in accordance with the movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface; sequentially displaying, in the frame, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across the frame, wherein a size of the previews is constrained to a size of the frame; while a respective preview of a respective content item is displayed in the frame at a first size, detecting an increase in intensity of the contact; in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact, increasing the size of the respective preview to a second size larger than the size of the frame; while displaying the respective preview at the second size, detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact; and in response to detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, reducing the size of the respective preview to the first size.
 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the contact is a single unbroken contact from a point in time when the movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface is detected to a point in time when the decrease in intensity of the contact is detected.
 12. The device of claim 10, wherein detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact includes detecting liftoff of the contact.
 13. The device of claim 10, wherein detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact includes detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact while continuing to detect the contact on the touch-sensitive surface.
 14. The device of claim 10, including instructions for displaying a plurality of frames for previewing content, wherein each frame of the plurality of frames corresponds to a different plurality of content items.
 15. The device of claim 10, wherein increasing the size of the respective preview includes displaying an animation of the respective preview increasing in size in accordance with the intensity of the contact.
 16. The device of claim 10, wherein reducing the size of the respective preview includes displaying an animation of the respective preview decreasing in size in accordance with the intensity of the contact.
 17. The device of claim 10, including instructions for: detecting additional movement of the contact corresponding to lateral movement of the focus selector on the display; and, in response to detecting the additional movement of the contact: in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the first size, ceasing to display the respective preview and sequentially displaying, at the first size, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across the frame; and, in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the second size, maintaining display of the respective preview on the display.
 18. The device of claim 10, including instructions for: detecting additional movement of the contact corresponding to lateral movement of the focus selector on the display; and, in response to detecting the additional movement of the contact: in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the first size, ceasing to display the respective preview and sequentially displaying, at the first size, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across the frame; and, in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the second size, ceasing to display the respective preview and sequentially displaying, at the second size, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across a region of the display corresponding to the frame.
 19. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to: display a frame for previewing content, wherein the frame corresponds to a plurality of content items; detect movement of a contact across the touch-sensitive surface; move a focus selector across the frame in accordance with the movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface; sequentially display, in the frame, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across the frame, wherein a size of the previews is constrained to a size of the frame; while a respective preview of a respective content item is displayed in the frame at a first size, detect an increase in intensity of the contact; in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the contact, increase the size of the respective preview to a second size larger than the size of the frame; while displaying the respective preview at the second size, detect a decrease in intensity of the contact; and, in response to detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact, reduce the size of the respective preview to the first size.
 20. The computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the contact is a single unbroken contact from a point in time when the movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface is detected to a point in time when the decrease in intensity of the contact is detected.
 21. The computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact includes detecting liftoff of the contact.
 22. The computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein detecting the decrease in intensity of the contact includes detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact while continuing to detect the contact on the touch-sensitive surface.
 23. The computer readable storage medium of claim 19, including instructions, which when executed by the electronic device with the display, the touch-sensitive surface, and the one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to display a plurality of frames for previewing content, wherein each frame of the plurality of frames corresponds to a different plurality of content items.
 24. The computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein increasing the size of the respective preview includes displaying an animation of the respective preview increasing in size in accordance with the intensity of the contact.
 25. The computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein reducing the size of the respective preview includes displaying an animation of the respective preview decreasing in size in accordance with the intensity of the contact.
 26. The computer readable storage medium of claim 19, including instructions, which when executed by the electronic device with the display, the touch-sensitive surface, and the one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to: detect additional movement of the contact corresponding to lateral movement of the focus selector on the display; and, in response to detecting the additional movement of the contact: in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the first size, cease to display the respective preview and sequentially display, at the first size, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across the frame; and in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the second size, maintain display of the respective preview on the display.
 27. The computer readable storage medium of claim 19, including instructions, which when executed by the electronic device with the display, the touch-sensitive surface, and the one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to: detect additional movement of the contact corresponding to lateral movement of the focus selector on the display; and, in response to detecting the additional movement of the contact: in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the first size, cease to display the respective preview and sequentially display, at the first size, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across the frame; and, in accordance with detecting the additional movement while displaying the respective preview at the second size, cease to display the respective preview and sequentially display, at the second size, previews of respective content items in the plurality of content items in accordance with the movement of the focus selector across a region of the display corresponding to the frame. 